American journalist. Born in Hungary. In 1864, during the American Civil War, he came to the United States in response to a call for service in the Union Army. In 1868, he became a reporter for the German-language newspaper Westliche Post, published in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1869, he was elected to the Missouri State Assembly, and eventually became the owner of the paper. He later served as a Washington correspondent for the New York Sun, but in 1878, he bought the failing St. Louis Dispatch, which he merged with the St. Louis Post to become the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. He made it a profitable newspaper within a few years, with a banner of being nonpartisan and critical of the government. In 1883, he bought the New York World, and quickly achieved success with its sensational news reports. In 1887, he launched the Evening World, which soon became the largest newspaper in New York. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1884, but his eyesight soon deteriorated, and from about 1890 he began living in resorts and on his yacht. However, when Hearst bought the Morning Journal in 1895 and began competing with the World with a similarly sensationalist newspaper, the competition intensified, especially in the color cartoon competition in their Sunday editions, and both papers became infamous for yellow journalism, named after the Yellow Kid, the main character of the cartoon. After the sinking of the American battleship Maine in 1898, the reports of both papers were criticized as inciting war fever. In 1903, Pulitzer donated $2 million to Columbia University, which was used to establish a journalism department at the university in 1912 and to train journalists. In addition, the Pulitzer Prize was established in 1917 according to his will. [Shinichi Ito] "Pulitzer" by W. A. Swomberg, translated by Hideo Kinoshita (1978, Hayakawa Publishing) [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの新聞人。ハンガリーに生まれる。1864年、南北戦争の際、北軍の募兵に応じて渡米、1868年、ミズーリ州セントルイスで発行されていたドイツ語紙『ウェストリッヘ・ポスト』の記者となり、1869年にはミズーリ州議員に選ばれ、やがて同紙の経営者となった。その後『ニューヨーク・サン』紙のワシントン通信員を務めたりしたが、1878年つぶれかかっていた『セントルイス・ディスパッチ』紙を買収、これを『セントルイス・ポスト』紙と合併して、『セントルイス・ポストディスパッチ』と改めて、どの党派にも属さず、行政を批判することを旗印として、数年のうちに利益をあげる新聞とした。1883年には『ニューヨーク・ワールド』紙を買収、センセーショナルなニュース報道でたちまちのうちに成功を収めた。1887年には『イブニング・ワールド』紙を創刊し、まもなくニューヨーク最大の部数を誇るようになった。1884年には下院議員に選出されたが、まもなく視力が衰えて、1890年ごろから保養地やヨットで生活することとなる。 しかし1895年ハーストが『モーニング・ジャーナル』紙を買収して、同じくセンセーショナルな新聞で『ワールド』紙と対抗するようになると、競争は激化、ことに互いの日曜版で色刷り漫画競争となり、その主役であったイエロー・キッドの名にちなんで、両紙はイエロー・ジャーナリズムという悪名を残すこととなった。1898年アメリカ戦艦メーン号爆沈後の両紙の報道は戦争熱をあおるものだとの非難を浴びた。1903年、ピュリッツァーはコロンビア大学に200万ドルを寄付、これをもとにして1912年には同大学に新聞学部がつくられ、記者教育が行われるようになった。また遺言により1917年にピュリッツァー賞が制定された。 [伊藤慎一] 『W・A・スウォンバーグ著、木下秀夫訳『ピュリツァー』(1978・早川書房)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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