ruff

Japanese: ruff
ruff

…A bird of the family Scolopacidae. The male is called a ruff and the female a reeve. It breeds in the northern part of the Eurasian continent and spends the winter in Africa, India, and southern Asia. …

From 【Clothing】

In the 16th century, the Italian fashion was based on softness and natural body lines, while the Renaissance fashion in Spain was based on geometry and rigidity. In France, England, and the Netherlands, the Spanish farthingale was used to puff up skirts and the ruff around the neck was used to decorate the neck.
[Baroque and Rococo modes]
In the 17th century, the Netherlands, which had gained independence from Spanish rule and was in a period of economic prosperity, and France, which had established an absolute monarchy at the Palace of Versailles, took leading positions in the field of fashion.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "ruff" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…チドリ目シギ科の鳥。英名は雄がruff,雌はreeve。ユーラシア大陸の北部で繁殖し,冬はアフリカ,インド,南アジアで越冬する。…

【服装】より

…16世紀には柔らかさと自然な体の線を基調としたイタリア,幾何学的で硬直した感じのルネサンス・スペインのそれぞれのモードがあらわれた。フランスでもイギリスでもネーデルラントでも,それぞれ形を変えて,スペイン生れのファージンゲールでスカートをふくらませ,華麗なひだ衿(ラフruff)で首のまわりを飾った。
[バロック・モードとロココ・モード]
 17世紀になると,スペインの支配から独立し,経済的繁栄期を迎えたオランダと,ベルサイユ宮殿を中心に絶対王政を確立したフランスが,モードの面でも指導的立場に立つ。…

※「ruff」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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