Hume, John

Japanese: ヒューム(英語表記)Hume, John
Hume, John
Born: January 18, 1937, Londonderry
[Died] August 3, 2020. Londonderry, UK, Northern Ireland politician. A Roman Catholic and teacher, he became a leader of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, seeking to expand the rights of the Catholic minority in Northern Ireland, and won a seat in the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1969 (abolished in 1973 due to direct British rule). He founded the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), and became its leader in 1979 (until 2001). He was elected to the European Parliament the same year (until 2004). He was elected to the British House of Commons in 1983 (until 2005). As the conflict in Northern Ireland intensified, he appealed to influential Irish politicians in the United States, such as Edward Kennedy and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, to support the non-violent movement against the terrorism of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), and led the Anglo-Irish Agreement, which gave Ireland the right to express its opinion on the governance of Northern Ireland. As a member of the European Parliament, he also urged European countries to get involved in the Northern Ireland issue. In Ireland, he acted as a mediator for the coexistence of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, and persuaded the hardline Catholic Sinn Féin party to reach the Good Friday Agreement (Belfast Agreement) in April 1998. He also served as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly that was reinstated by the Agreement (until 2000). In 1998, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (→Nobel Prize) together with David Trimble, who persuaded the Protestant forces.

Hume
Hume, David

Born: May 7, 1711, Edinburgh
Died: August 25, 1776. Edinburgh Scottish diplomat, historian, philosopher, political and economic thinker. Studied at the University of Edinburgh. Lived in France from 1734 to 1737, and wrote A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40). Applied for a position at the University of Edinburgh in 1744 and at the University of Glasgow in 1751, but was rejected for being atheistic. Served as librarian at the Edinburgh Bar in 1752, secretary to the ambassador to France in 1763, and Under-Secretary of State from 1767 to 1769, before retiring to Edinburgh. Philosophically, he thoroughly implemented the British empiricism developed by Locke and Berkeley, and considered causal laws to be the product of habit, attempting to eliminate all metaphysical prejudices. His major works are An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (51) and An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (58).

Hume
Hulme, Thomas Ernest

Born 16 September 1883, Endon, Staffordshire
[Died] September 28, 1917, near Nieuwpoort, Belgium. British poet, critic and philosopher. Expelled from Cambridge University for violent behavior, he studied philosophy and psychology in Berlin. He died in World War I. During his lifetime, he launched the Imagism movement through E. Pound, and published only translations of Bergson's Introduction to Metaphysics and G. Sorel's On Violence, as well as journal articles and a few short poems. However, his posthumous collection of writings, Speculations (1924), edited by his friend H. Reid, had a great influence on poets and writers such as T. S. Eliot with its religious worldview based on original sin and classical view of art. He also published Further Speculations (55).

Hume
Hume (Home), Patrick, 1st Earl of Marchmont

[Birth] 1641
[Died] 1724
Scottish politician. He entered politics in 1665, and was imprisoned for five years for opposing the policies of Duke Lauderdale. In 1685 he participated in the rebellion of Duke Monmouth and went into exile in the Netherlands. In 1688 he returned to Scotland with William of Orange (William III) during the Glorious Revolution. He subsequently held important posts in Scotland, including Lord Chancellor (1696-1702), and was created 1st Earl of Marchmont in 1697. He worked to establish Presbyterianism and supported union with England.

Hume
Hume, Joseph

Born January 22, 1777, Montrose
[Died] February 20, 1855. Norfolk British politician and social reformer. After studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh, he traveled to India in 1797 and made a fortune there. He returned to the UK in 1812 and entered politics, serving as a member of the House of Commons. He was a believer in free trade and worked hard to repeal the Machinery Exportation Act, the Labourers' Travel Abroad Act, and the Anti-Organisation Act.

Hume

See the Douglas Hume page.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1937.1.18. ロンドンデリー
[没]2020.8.3. ロンドンデリー
イギリス,北アイルランドの政治家。ローマ・カトリックの信者で教師であったが,1960年代から北アイルランドでの少数派カトリックの権利拡大を求める公民権運動の指導者となり,1969年に北アイルランド議会(イギリスの直接統治により 1973年廃止)で議席を獲得した。社会民主労働党 SDLPを創設し,1979年党首に就任(~2001)。同年ヨーロッパ議会議員に当選(~2004)。1983年イギリス下院議員に当選(~2005)。北アイルランド紛争が深刻化するなか,エドワード・ケネディやダニエル・パトリック・モイニハンらアメリカ合衆国のアイルランド系有力議員に働きかけ,アイルランド共和軍 IRAによるテロに反対する非暴力運動へ支持をとりつけ,北アイルランドの統治について意見を述べる権利をアイルランドにも与えるイギリス=アイルランド合意に結びつけた。またヨーロッパ議会議員としてもヨーロッパ諸国に対し北アイルランド問題に関与するよう促した。国内では北アイルランドのカトリック,プロテスタント両派の共存を訴える仲介役となり,カトリック強硬派のシン・フェーン党を説得して 1998年4月の聖金曜日の合意(ベルファスト合意)にこぎつけた。合意により復活した北アイルランド議会でも議員を務めた(~2000)。1998年プロテスタント勢力の説得にあたったデービッド・トリンブルとともにノーベル平和賞(→ノーベル賞)を受賞。

ヒューム
Hume, David

[生]1711.5.7. エディンバラ
[没]1776.8.25. エディンバラ
スコットランドの外交官,歴史家,哲学者,政治および経済思想家。エディンバラ大学に学んだ。 1734~37年フランスに滞在し,『人性論』A Treatise of Human Nature (1739~40) をまとめた。 44年エディンバラ大学,51年グラスゴー大学に職を求めたが,いずれも無神論の疑いでいれられなかった。 52年エディンバラ弁護士会図書館司書,63年駐フランス大使の秘書,67~69年国務次官をつとめたのち,エディンバラに引退した。哲学的には,ロック,バークリーと展開したイギリス経験論を徹底化し,因果法則をも習慣の所産であるとし,あらゆる形而上学的偏見の排除を試みた。主著『道徳の原理論』 An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (51) ,『人間悟性論』 An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (58) 。

ヒューム
Hulme, Thomas Ernest

[生]1883.9.16. スタッフォードシャー,エンドン
[没]1917.9.28. ベルギー,ニウポルト付近
イギリスの詩人,批評家,哲学者。乱暴なふるまいによってケンブリッジ大学を放校となり,ベルリンで哲学と心理学を学ぶ。第1次世界大戦で戦死。生前は E.パウンドを介してイマジズムの運動を興したほか,ベルグソンの『形而上学入門』や G.ソレルの『暴力論』の翻訳,雑誌論文,数編の短詩を公表しただけであるが,友人 H.リードの編集による遺稿集『省察』 Speculations (1924) が出版されて,原罪をふまえた宗教的世界観,古典主義的芸術観により,T.S.エリオットをはじめ詩人や作家に大きな影響を与えた。『続・省察』 Further Speculations (55) がある。

ヒューム
Hume (Home), Patrick, 1st Earl of Marchmont

[生]1641
[没]1724
スコットランドの政治家。 1665年より政界に入り,ローダーデール (公)の政策に反対して5年間入獄。 85年モンマス (公)の反乱に加担してオランダに亡命。 88年名誉革命に際しオランニェ公ウィレム (ウィリアム3世 ) とともに帰国。以後大法官 (1696~1702) などのスコットランドの要職を歴任し,97年初代マーチモント伯に叙せられ,長老主義確立に努め,イングランドとの合同を支持した。

ヒューム
Hume, Joseph

[生]1777.1.22. モントローズ
[没]1855.2.20. ノーフォーク
イギリスの政治家,社会改革家。エディンバラ大学で医学を修めたのち,1797年にインドに渡り,同地で富を築いた。 1812年に帰国し政界に進出,下院議員をつとめる。自由貿易を信奉し,機械輸出禁止法,労働者の海外渡航禁止法,団結禁止法などの廃止に尽力した。

ヒューム

「ダグラス=ヒューム」のページをご覧ください。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Hume pipe

>>:  Human interface

Recommend

Mula Sankara (English spelling)

…Modern Indian religious reformer. Also known as ...

Dofuku - martial arts uniform

Also written as 'dofuku'. From the Muroma...

Tarnovo (English spelling)

…Official name = Republic of BulgariaRepublika Bâ...

echelle

…α in the figure is called the blaze angle, and t...

North Ossetia [Republic] - Severnaya Osetiya (English spelling)

A republic in the North Caucasus, southwest of the...

Uenokinu

…For example, karigoromo (hunting clothes) evolve...

Rock lily - Rock lily

…The maidenhair fern is a limestone plant found w...

Nouveau Christianism (English spelling)

In his works The Organiser (1819) and The Industr...

Ukimono Aya

… The changes in the production system and the ri...

Xiongnu - Today

The name of the nomadic horse-riding people who w...

Songgunni‐yujŏk Ruins (English name)

Located in low hills less than 40m above sea level...

Tadazane Ijuin

...A military commander in the Sengoku and Azuchi...

Hormizd IV (English spelling)

…However, the kingship did not necessarily enjoy ...

Sin - tsumi (English spelling) sin English

Broadly speaking, any act that goes against legal...

cut-throat competition

...because it is virtually impossible to agree on...