Born: January 18, 1937, Londonderry [Died] August 3, 2020. Londonderry, UK, Northern Ireland politician. A Roman Catholic and teacher, he became a leader of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, seeking to expand the rights of the Catholic minority in Northern Ireland, and won a seat in the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1969 (abolished in 1973 due to direct British rule). He founded the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), and became its leader in 1979 (until 2001). He was elected to the European Parliament the same year (until 2004). He was elected to the British House of Commons in 1983 (until 2005). As the conflict in Northern Ireland intensified, he appealed to influential Irish politicians in the United States, such as Edward Kennedy and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, to support the non-violent movement against the terrorism of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), and led the Anglo-Irish Agreement, which gave Ireland the right to express its opinion on the governance of Northern Ireland. As a member of the European Parliament, he also urged European countries to get involved in the Northern Ireland issue. In Ireland, he acted as a mediator for the coexistence of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, and persuaded the hardline Catholic Sinn Féin party to reach the Good Friday Agreement (Belfast Agreement) in April 1998. He also served as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly that was reinstated by the Agreement (until 2000). In 1998, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (→Nobel Prize) together with David Trimble, who persuaded the Protestant forces. Hume |
[生]1937.1.18. ロンドンデリー [没]2020.8.3. ロンドンデリー イギリス,北アイルランドの政治家。ローマ・カトリックの信者で教師であったが,1960年代から北アイルランドでの少数派カトリックの権利拡大を求める公民権運動の指導者となり,1969年に北アイルランド議会(イギリスの直接統治により 1973年廃止)で議席を獲得した。社会民主労働党 SDLPを創設し,1979年党首に就任(~2001)。同年ヨーロッパ議会議員に当選(~2004)。1983年イギリス下院議員に当選(~2005)。北アイルランド紛争が深刻化するなか,エドワード・ケネディやダニエル・パトリック・モイニハンらアメリカ合衆国のアイルランド系有力議員に働きかけ,アイルランド共和軍 IRAによるテロに反対する非暴力運動へ支持をとりつけ,北アイルランドの統治について意見を述べる権利をアイルランドにも与えるイギリス=アイルランド合意に結びつけた。またヨーロッパ議会議員としてもヨーロッパ諸国に対し北アイルランド問題に関与するよう促した。国内では北アイルランドのカトリック,プロテスタント両派の共存を訴える仲介役となり,カトリック強硬派のシン・フェーン党を説得して 1998年4月の聖金曜日の合意(ベルファスト合意)にこぎつけた。合意により復活した北アイルランド議会でも議員を務めた(~2000)。1998年プロテスタント勢力の説得にあたったデービッド・トリンブルとともにノーベル平和賞(→ノーベル賞)を受賞。 ヒューム
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