Empress Dowager Hu (English: Hú tài hòu)

Japanese: 胡太后 - こたいこう（英語表記）Hú tài hòu

442‐490
Empress of the 4th Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty in China. She ruled the dynasty dictatorship throughout the entire reign of the 5th Emperor Xianwen and the first half of the 6th Emperor Xiaowen. Her surname was Feng. She was the granddaughter of the Northern Yan Feng family. After Gaozong's death, she executed the powerful minister Yifuhun to save the Northern Wei dynasty from crisis, and thus gained control of the dynasty. She is said to have poisoned her heir, Emperor Xianwen, and had many scandals with her favorite ministers, but she accepted the suggestions of capable ministers such as Li Chong and improved the national government. The three-head system, the equal-field system, the tax-paying labor system, and the salary system were all credited to her. After her death, she was posthumously named Empress Dowager Wenwen.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

442‐490
中国，北魏第4代文成帝の皇后。第5代献文帝の全期および第6代孝文帝の前半，朝政を独裁した。姓は馮氏。北燕馮氏の孫。高宗の死後，権臣乙弗渾を誅して北魏王朝の危機を救ったことから朝権を掌握した。異腹の献文帝を毒殺したといわれ，寵臣とのスキャンダルも多かったが，李沖ら有能な臣下の提案を受け入れて国政の整備をはかった。三長制，均田制，租庸調，俸禄制など，すべて太后の功績である。死後文明太后と諡（おくりな）された。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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