A bicameral parliament, one house of which is made up of elected members. It is also called the first house. It was established in the Middle Ages when representatives of the common people were invited to participate in the Council of Lords, an advisory body to the king in England, to obtain consent on taxation. Later, representatives of the common people began to hold meetings independently, and a bicameral system was established with the House of Lords and the House of Commons. With the development of democratic politics, the House of Commons came to have precedence over the House of Lords in national politics. However, in federal countries, a bicameral system with an Upper House made up of federal representatives and a Lower House representing the general public may be adopted, and since both are made up of elected members, the House of Commons does not necessarily have precedence. In Japan, the lower house is the House of Representatives, and the House of Councillors is also made up of elected members, but the Constitution gives the House of Representatives precedence over the House of Councillors. [Yamano Kazumi] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
両院制(二院制)の議会で、公選議員によって構成される一院をいう。第一院ともいう。中世、イギリスにおいて国王の諮問機関であった等族会議に、課税についての同意を得る必要から庶民代表を参加させたことが、成立の端緒である。のちに、庶民代表が独立して会議を開くようになり、貴族院House of Lordsと庶民院House of Commonsの両院制となった。民主政治の発展とともに、国政上、下院が上院に優位するようになった。ただし、連邦国家においては、連邦代表からなる上院と、一般国民を代表する下院による両院制を採用する場合があり、いずれも公選議員によって構成されるため、下院優位とは限らない。日本における下院は衆議院であり、参議院も公選議員から構成されるが、憲法上、衆議院を参議院に優位せしめている。 [山野一美] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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