Gorz - Gorz (English spelling) André Gorz

Japanese: ゴルツ - ごるつ(英語表記)André Gorz
Gorz - Gorz (English spelling) André Gorz

Austrian-born French thinker, writer, and journalist. Heavily influenced by existentialist philosophy, his autobiographical debut novel, The Traitor (1958), was highly praised by Sartre. He served on the editorial board of Les Temps Modernes magazine from 1958, and published works such as The Structure of Alienation (1959) and The Difficult Revolution (1967). During the May 1968 revolution, he wrote an essay called "Destroy the University," which garnered great support from the New Left. On the other hand, under the pen name Michel Bosquet, he was active as a journalist in magazines such as L'Express and Le Nouvel Observateur, where he consistently pursued the issue of socialist revolution in a highly developed capitalist country. He was one of the leading figures of French New Left intellectuals and was called the "conscience of the European Left."

Since the 1970s, he has advocated political ecology and been regarded as an important theorist. In 1975, he wrote The Ecologist Manifesto: Ecology and Politics, and in 1977, The Ecologist Manifesto: Ecology and Freedom, in which he argued that the choices of ecologists are incompatible with both capitalist rationality and dictatorial socialism, and advocated the establishment of a community based on the "social individual." In 1985, he wrote Toward an Ecological Community, in which he pointed out the emergence of a "new proletariat in the post-industrial era" brought about by the electronics revolution, and offered a sharp examination of the issues of labor and unemployment. In 1988, he published the remarkable work The Metamorphoses of Labor, in which he summarized the labor paradigm (framework of recognition) that led to Illich, and aimed to provide a direction for the meaning of labor in modern industrial society, the liberation of labor, or in other words, the liberation of working people. In his 1991 book Capitalism, Socialism, Ecology, which begins with the preface "Socialism as a system is dead," he examines the necessity of social change in the current situation where full-time work is no longer necessary. He continued to be active in the second half of the 1990s, including holding talks and other events.

[Toru Kuwahara and Kazuhiko Hirano]

"A Difficult Revolution" translated by Uesugi Akihiko (1969, Godo Shuppan)""Workers' Strategies and the New Capitalism" translated by Kobayashi Masaaki and Horiguchi Makiko (1970, Godo Shuppan)""The Traitor" translated by Kwon Yasushi (1971, Kinokuniya Shoten)" ▽ "The Structures of Alienation" translated by Kwon Yasushi (1972, Godo Shuppan)" ▽ "An Ecologist Manifesto" translated by Takahashi Taketomo (1983, Midorikaze Shuppan)""The Path to an Ecological Synergy" translated by Tsuji Yumi (1985, Technology and Humanity)""Capitalism, Socialism and Ecology" translated by Sugimura Hirofumi (1993, Shinhyoron)""Metamorphoses of Labor" translated by Mashimo Toshiki (1997, Midorikaze Shuppan)

[References] | Illich | Ecology | May Revolution | Existential philosophy | Les Temps Modernes

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

オーストリア出身のフランスの思想家、作家、ジャーナリスト。実存主義哲学の影響を強く受け、自伝色の濃い処女作『裏切者』(1958)はサルトルに激賞された。1958年より『レ・タン・モデルヌ』誌の編集委員を務め、『疎外の構造』(1959)、『困難な革命』(1967)などを発表、1968年の五月革命時には論文「大学を破壊せよ」を書き、新左翼陣営から大きな支持を得た。他方、ミシェル・ボスケMichel Bosquetの筆名で『レクスプレス』誌や『ル・ヌーベル・オプセルバトゥール』誌などでジャーナリストとして評論活動を展開、そこでは一貫して高度に発達した資本主義国家における社会主義革命の問題を追求。フランス新左翼知識人の代表者の一人で「ヨーロッパ左翼の良心」といわれた。

 1970年代以降は政治的エコロジーを主張し、その重要な理論家と目された。1975年には『エコロジスト宣言――エコロジーと政治』を、また1977年には『エコロジスト宣言――エコロジーと自由』を著し、エコロジストの選択は資本主義的合理性とも独裁的社会主義とも相いれないとして、「社会的個人」を基礎とする共同体の確立を主張する。1985年の『エコロジー共働体への道』では、エレクトロニクス革命による「ポスト(脱)産業時代の新プロレタリアート」の出現を指摘し、労働と失業の問題を鋭く考察する。1988年には注目すべき著作『労働のメタモルフォーズ』が出版されるが、ここではイリイチに至る労働のパラダイム(認識の枠組み)を概括し、現代産業社会での労働の意味、労働の解放、換言すれば働く人間の解放への方向づけを目ざした。「体制としての社会主義は死んだ」で始まる序文のある『資本主義・社会主義・エコロジー』(1991)では、フルタイム労働を必要としなくなった現在の状況下での社会変革の必然性を考察。1990年代後半も、対談なども含め旺盛(おうせい)に活動を続けた。

[桑原 透・平野和彦]

『上杉聡彦訳『困難な革命』(1969・合同出版)』『小林正明・堀口牧子訳『労働者戦略と新資本主義』(1970・合同出版)』『権寧訳『裏切者』(1971・紀伊國屋書店)』『権寧訳『疎外の構造』(1972・合同出版)』『高橋武智訳『エコロジスト宣言』(1983・緑風出版)』『辻由美訳『エコロジー共働体への道』(1985・技術と人間)』『杉村裕史訳『資本主義・社会主義・エコロジー』(1993・新評論)』『真下俊樹訳『労働のメタモルフォーズ』(1997・緑風出版)』

[参照項目] | イリイチ | エコロジー | 五月革命 | 実存哲学 | レ・タン・モデルヌ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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