Architectural term. A buttress is a wall that projects outward at a right angle to the exterior wall and supports the rest of the building. It was already seen in ancient temples and palaces in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, but became an important structural element in the Roman period when arch and vault structures came into widespread use, as they supported the lateral forces of the arch and vault structures. In particular, with the development of the rib vault in Romanesque architecture, buttresses became essential to support the lateral forces of the vault transmitted to the ribs. In addition, with the development of the flying buttress in Gothic cathedral architecture, the buttress came to support the lateral forces of the vault structure in the nave, and the combination of flying buttresses gave rise to a unique structural beauty. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
建築用語。控壁 (ひかえかべ) のことで,外壁面と直角に外方に突出し,壁体を支持する壁体。すでに古代のメソポタミア,エジプト,ギリシアの神殿や宮殿にみられるが,ローマ時代以後,アーチやボールト架構が多用されるに及んで,その横圧を支える意味から重要な構造要素となった。ことにロマネスク建築でリブ・ボールトが発達したことによって,リブに伝えられるボールトの横圧を支えるバットレスは必須の存在となった。またゴシックの聖堂建築のフライング・バットレスの開発によって身廊のボールト架構の横圧をこのバットレスが受止めるようになり,フライング・バットレスを組合せての独特の構造美が生まれた。
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