Loyd, Sam

Japanese: ロイド(英語表記)Loyd, Sam
Loyd, Sam
Born January 30, 1841 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
[Died] April 10, 1911. New York, New York. American puzzle writer. Real name Samuel Loyd. Known for creating games such as chess problems and pachisi. He studied engineering and obtained a license as a steam and mechanical engineer, but then worked in various businesses until he was able to make a living solely from creating chess problems and puzzles. He began inventing chess problems at the age of 14, and at the age of 17 he was recognized as the leading chess problem writer in the United States. From 1860, he was in charge of the problems column of "Chess Monthly", edited by the leading chess master Paul Morphy. He contributed problems to the problem collection "American Chess-Nuts" published in 1868, and published his own problem collection "Chess Strategy" in 1878. He later shifted his interest from chess problems to puzzles and games, inventing the 15-puzzle, Trick Donkey, Pigs in Clover, Pachisi, and other puzzles. Later, his son joined Lloyd in creating puzzles, and from around 1896, puzzle columns written by father and son began to be published in many newspapers and magazines via news agencies. A notable feature of Lloyd's puzzles is their ingenious use of simple algebraic formulas without being recognized as such.

Lloyd
Lloyd, John Selwyn Brooke

Born: July 28, 1904, Liverpool
[Died] 17 May 1978, Crawmarsh, Preston. British politician. After graduating from Cambridge University, he opened a bar. At the outbreak of World War II, he joined the army, and in 1944, as a Brigadier General, he distinguished himself in the Normandy landings. After the war, he entered politics as a Conservative member of the House of Commons in 1945, and attended the 6th United Nations General Assembly as a member of the British delegation, and was the Chief Delegate at the 7th General Assembly. He was Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in the W. Churchill cabinet in 1951, Minister without Portfolio from 1951 to 1954, Minister for Supply from 1954, and Minister for Defence from 1955. He was Foreign Secretary in the R. Eden cabinet from 1955 to 1960. At the 14th UN General Assembly on 17 September 1959, he presented a three-stage comprehensive disarmament proposal, essentially representing the Western countries. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1960 to 1962, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal and Leader of the House of Commons from 1963 to 1964, and Speaker of the House of Commons in 1971.

Lloyd
Lloyd, George Ambrose, 1st Baron Lloyd

Born: September 19, 1879, Warwickshire, England
[Died] February 4, 1941. London. British politician. After graduating from Eton College and Cambridge University, he traveled to Asia and North Africa. He entered the business world, but in 1905 he became an aide to the British ambassador to Turkey. He was a Conservative member of the House of Commons (1910-18, 1924-25). During World War I he was active in Russia and the Middle East. After the war he served as Governor-General of Bombay, High Commissioner to Egypt and Sudan, and Secretary of State for Colonial Affairs. He was made a baron in 1925.

Lloyd
Lloyd, Harold

Born April 20, 1893 in Burchard, Nebraska
[Died] March 8, 1971. Hollywood American comedic film actor. He entered the film industry in 1912, and from 1917 he gained popularity by wearing his trademark Lloyd glasses and straw hat and expressing the American youthful temperament in his comedic performances. He was one of the creators of the golden age of silent comedy films. His major works include "Anyway, Don't Worry" (1923) and "Lloyd's Favorite" (25).

Lloyd
Lloyd, Marie

Born: February 12, 1870, London
[Died] October 7, 1922. British female entertainer. Real name Matilda Alice Victoria Wood. She made her stage debut in 1885 and appeared in pantomimes at Drury Lane Theatre from 1891 to 1893, as well as other leading British music halls. She was a popular star for many years, thanks to her witty and well-mannered performances.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1841.1.30. ペンシルバニア,フィラデルフィア
[没]1911.4.10. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国のパズル作家。本名 Samuel Loyd。チェス・プロブレム(詰チェス)やパチシなどのゲームを創作したことで知られる。工学を学び,蒸気・機械エンジニアの免許を取得したが,その後さまざまな事業に携わり,やがてチェス・プロブレムやパズルの制作だけで生計を立てられるようになった。14歳のときからチェス・プロブレムを考案し始め,17歳でアメリカ随一のチェス・プロブレム作局家として認められるようになった。1860年から,一流のチェス・マスターであるポール・モーフィーが編集する "Chess Monthly"誌のプロブレム欄を担当。1868年に出版されたプロブレム集 "American Chess-Nuts"に問題を寄稿し,1878年には自著のプロブレム集 "Chess Strategy"を出版した。その後,チェス・プロブレムからパズルやゲームに関心を移し,15パズル,トリック・ドンキー,ピグス・イン・クローバー,パチシなどを考案した。のちに息子もロイドのパズル制作に加わり,1896年頃からは親子で執筆したパズル欄が通信社を通じて多くの新聞や雑誌に掲載されるようになった。ロイドのパズルの大きな特徴は,単純な代数的数式をそれとはわからないように巧妙に利用している点である。

ロイド
Lloyd, John Selwyn Brooke

[生]1904.7.28. リバプール
[没]1978.5.17. プレストン,クローマーシュ
イギリスの政治家。ケンブリッジ大学卒業後,弁護士を開業。第2次世界大戦勃発とともに従軍,1944年准将としてノルマンディー上陸作戦に参加し武勲を立てた。戦後 45年に保守党から下院議員として政界に入り,第6回国連総会にイギリス代表の一員として出席,第7回総会では首席代表となった。 51年 W.チャーチル内閣の国璽尚書,51~54年無任所相,54年供給相,55年国防相。 55~60年 R.イーデン内閣の外相。 59年9月 17日第 14回国連総会で,実質的に西側諸国を代表して3段階の包括的軍縮案を提出した。 60~62年蔵相,63~64年国璽尚書兼下院院内総務,71年下院議長。

ロイド
Lloyd, George Ambrose, 1st Baron Lloyd

[生]1879.9.19. イギリス,ウォリックシャー
[没]1941.2.4. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。イートン校,ケンブリッジ大学を卒業後,アジア,北アフリカを旅行。いったん実業界に入ったが,1905年トルコ駐在イギリス大使補佐官。保守党所属下院議員となって活躍 (1910~18,24~25) 。第1次世界大戦中はロシア,中近東で活動。戦後ボンベイ総督,エジプト=スーダン高等弁務官,植民相を歴任。 25年男爵。

ロイド
Lloyd, Harold

[生]1893.4.20. ネブラスカ,バーチャード
[没]1971.3.8. ハリウッド
アメリカの喜劇映画俳優。 1912年映画界に入り,17年以後トレードマークのロイド眼鏡とカンカン帽を着け,アメリカ的な青年気質をコメディーに表現して人気を得た。サイレント喜劇映画の黄金時代をつくった一人。主作品『要心無用』 (1923) ,『ロイドの人気者』 (25) 。

ロイド
Lloyd, Marie

[生]1870.2.12. ロンドン
[没]1922.10.7. ロンドン
イギリスの女性芸人。本名 Matilda Alice Victoria Wood。 1885年初舞台を踏み,1891~93年のドルアリー・レーン劇場のパントマイムをはじめ,イギリスの一流のミュージック・ホールに出演。機知と節度ある芸で,長年スターとして親しまれた。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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