Born January 30, 1841 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [Died] April 10, 1911. New York, New York. American puzzle writer. Real name Samuel Loyd. Known for creating games such as chess problems and pachisi. He studied engineering and obtained a license as a steam and mechanical engineer, but then worked in various businesses until he was able to make a living solely from creating chess problems and puzzles. He began inventing chess problems at the age of 14, and at the age of 17 he was recognized as the leading chess problem writer in the United States. From 1860, he was in charge of the problems column of "Chess Monthly", edited by the leading chess master Paul Morphy. He contributed problems to the problem collection "American Chess-Nuts" published in 1868, and published his own problem collection "Chess Strategy" in 1878. He later shifted his interest from chess problems to puzzles and games, inventing the 15-puzzle, Trick Donkey, Pigs in Clover, Pachisi, and other puzzles. Later, his son joined Lloyd in creating puzzles, and from around 1896, puzzle columns written by father and son began to be published in many newspapers and magazines via news agencies. A notable feature of Lloyd's puzzles is their ingenious use of simple algebraic formulas without being recognized as such. Lloyd |
[生]1841.1.30. ペンシルバニア,フィラデルフィア [没]1911.4.10. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク アメリカ合衆国のパズル作家。本名 Samuel Loyd。チェス・プロブレム(詰チェス)やパチシなどのゲームを創作したことで知られる。工学を学び,蒸気・機械エンジニアの免許を取得したが,その後さまざまな事業に携わり,やがてチェス・プロブレムやパズルの制作だけで生計を立てられるようになった。14歳のときからチェス・プロブレムを考案し始め,17歳でアメリカ随一のチェス・プロブレム作局家として認められるようになった。1860年から,一流のチェス・マスターであるポール・モーフィーが編集する "Chess Monthly"誌のプロブレム欄を担当。1868年に出版されたプロブレム集 "American Chess-Nuts"に問題を寄稿し,1878年には自著のプロブレム集 "Chess Strategy"を出版した。その後,チェス・プロブレムからパズルやゲームに関心を移し,15パズル,トリック・ドンキー,ピグス・イン・クローバー,パチシなどを考案した。のちに息子もロイドのパズル制作に加わり,1896年頃からは親子で執筆したパズル欄が通信社を通じて多くの新聞や雑誌に掲載されるようになった。ロイドのパズルの大きな特徴は,単純な代数的数式をそれとはわからないように巧妙に利用している点である。 ロイド
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