Hutton, James

Japanese: ハットン（英語表記）Hutton， James

Born: June 3, 1726, Edinburgh
[Died] March 26, 1797. Edinburgh. British chemist and geologist. He lost his father at a young age, and after graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he worked in a law firm, but soon returned to school. He later studied medicine and chemistry at the universities of Paris and Leiden, and obtained his medical degree in 1749. He built a successful ammonium chloride manufacturing plant. He gradually developed an interest in rocks and minerals, and was active as a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh with J. Black and others. He conducted geological surveys throughout Europe, and in 1785 he advocated uniformitarianism in opposition to the then widespread belief in the existence of natural disasters. In a debate over his theory with R. Kirwan, who supported A. Werner's hydrogenetic theory, Hutton countered by arguing for the existence of igneous rocks. Hutton's basic ideas were passed on to C. Lyell, and became the foundation of modern geology. His main work is Theory of Earth (1795).

Hatton
Hatton, Sir Christopher

Born 1540. Holdenby, Northamptonshire
[Died] November 20, 1591, London. Lord Chancellor of England. A favorite of Queen Elizabeth I. Studied at Oxford University and the law school, and entered the royal court in 1564. Due to his beauty, he was promoted by the Queen's patronage, and served as Commander of the Royal Guard and Privy Councillor. After 1571, he was active as a government spokesman in the House of Commons. He was Lord Chancellor from 1587 to 1591, and Chancellor of Oxford University in 1588.

Hatton
Hatton

A town in the south of Sri Lanka. It is located about 45 km south of Kandy, on the Hatton Plateau. Administratively, it is integrated with Dickoya, 2 km south. It is one of the country's leading tea trading centers, and has a tea research institute in nearby Talawakele. Population: about 10,000.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1726.6.3. エディンバラ
[没]1797.3.26. エディンバラ
イギリスの化学者，地質学者。幼くして父を失い，エディンバラ大学卒業後，法律事務所に勤めたが，まもなく復学し，のち，パリ，ライデン各大学で医学と化学を学び，1749年医学の学位を取得。塩化アンモニウムの製造工場を建てて成功する。次第に岩石，鉱物への関心を深め，J.ブラックらとエディンバラ・ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員として活躍。ヨーロッパ各地の地質調査を行い，85年には，当時一般に行き渡っていた天変地異説に対して斉一説を唱えた。彼の理論をめぐって，A.ウェルナーの水成説に立つ R.カーワンとの間でなされた論争では，火成岩の存在を主張して対抗した。ハットンの基本的考えは C.ライエルに引継がれ，近代的地質学の基礎となった。主著『地球の理論』 Theory of Earth (1795) 。

ハットン
Hatton， Sir Christopher

[生]1540. ノーサンプトンシャー，ホールデンビー
[没]1591.11.20. ロンドン
イギリスの大法官。エリザベス1世の寵臣。オックスフォード大学と法学院に学び，1564年宮廷に入った。美貌のゆえに女王の愛顧により昇進し，親衛隊長，枢密顧問官をつとめ，また 71年以後下院における政府のスポークスマンとして活躍。 87～91年大法官，88年オックスフォード大学総長。