A dynasty in South India. It ruled the southern tip of the peninsula with its capital in Madurai. Its name appears in an inscription by King Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, but its history becomes clear only in the 1st to 3rd centuries, when details are known from classical Tamil works. At that time, trade with Rome was active, and there was a literary academy called Shangam in Madurai, where poets under the king's protection were active. The history of the 4th to 6th centuries is unclear, but the dynasty was revived by Kadungon at the end of the 6th century, and in the second half of the 7th century, it expanded its power by defeating the Pallava dynasty in the north, and in the 9th century, it even conquered Ceylon. However, when the Chola dynasty rose to power in place of the Pallava dynasty, it was suppressed by them, and in the 11th century, it became their territory. However, as the power of the Chola dynasty weakened, the Sultanate rose again, invading the heartland of the Chola dynasty in the early 13th century during the time of Malavarman Sundara Pandya, and finally destroying it in the latter half of the 13th century. In the 14th century, a dispute over the succession to the throne escalated into a civil war, and Madurai was taken by an expeditionary force from the Delhi Sultanate, leading to the kingdom's demise. It is said that the kingdom was ruled jointly by the royal family. [Noboru Karashima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南インドの王朝。マドゥライを都に半島南端部を支配した。紀元前3世紀のアショカ王の刻文にその名がみえるが、歴史が明確になるのは、タミル文学の古典作品によって詳細を知ることのできる1~3世紀のことである。当時はローマとの貿易が活発に行われ、またマドゥライにはシャンガムとよばれる文芸院があって、王の保護を受けた詩人たちが活躍した。4~6世紀の歴史ははっきりしないが、6世紀末に王朝はカドゥンゴーンによって復活され、7世紀後半には北方のパッラバ朝を破って勢力を増大し、9世紀にはセイロン島も征している。しかしその後、パッラバ朝にかわってチョーラ朝が台頭するとそれに抑えられ、11世紀にはその領土とされた。 しかし、チョーラ朝の勢力が弱まるとともにふたたび台頭し、13世紀初めのマーラバルマン・スンダラ・パーンディヤ時代にはチョーラ朝の中心地をも侵し、13世紀後半にはついにそれを滅ぼした。14世紀に入ると王位継承の争いが内乱に発展し、またデリー・サルタナットの遠征軍にマドゥライを落とされ、ついに滅亡した。王国の統治は王族によって共同で行われたともいわれている。 [辛島 昇] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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