Developing countries - Hattentojoukoku (English spelling)

Japanese: 発展途上国 - はってんとじょうこく（英語表記）developing countries

A general term for Southern countries that are relatively behind in economic development. According to the World Bank's classification, out of 209 countries (populations of 30,000 or more), 149 countries fall into this category as low- or middle-income countries (GNI per capita is $11,115 or less as of the end of July 2007). In his Principles of Economics, JS Mill once called "countries that are lagging behind in the progress of the world economy" backward countries, but in the 1960s, when the North-South problem began to attract attention, the term "developing countries" became established as a United Nations (UN) term. In the 1970s, it became common to refer to liberal countries such as Europe and the United States as the First World, socialist countries such as the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe as the Second World, and other countries as the Third World. The name was coined by F. Fanon, a black psychiatrist from the former French island of Martinique. The term originates from the French Revolution, when commoners, as the "Third Estate" after monks and nobility, were tasked with leading the new era.

(Yoshio Muroi, Professor at Senshu University / 2008)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:

経済的発展が相対的に遅れている南の諸国の総称。世界銀行の分類によると、世界209カ国(人口3万人以上)のうち、149カ国の低・中所得国(1人当たり国民総所得〈GNI〉が2007年7月末現在で1万1115ドル以下)がこれに当てはまる。かつてJ.S.ミルは、『経済学原理』の中で「世界経済の進歩の中で遅れている国々」のことを後進国(backward countries)と呼んだが、南北問題が注目され始めた1960年代に、発展途上国という呼称が国連(UN)用語として定着した。70年代に入ると、欧米などの自由主義国を第一世界、ソ連・東欧などの社会主義国を第二世界、それ以外の諸国を第三世界(The Third World)と呼ぶことが普及した。その名付け親は、旧仏領マルチニク島出身の黒人精神科医、F. ファノンである。この用語は、フランス革命時に、僧侶、貴族に次ぐ「第三身分」としての平民が来たるべき新たな時代を担ったことに由来している。

(室井義雄専修大学教授／ 2008年)

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