If there is a physical phenomenon in which the state changes over time, and the way that change is determined by the state at that moment, regardless of past history, then that way of change can be described by a single differential equation. An equation that describes the time evolution of a state in this way is generally called an evolution equation. For example, in the phenomenon of heat conduction, the way that the temperature distribution u = u ( t , x ) ( x is a point in space) changes at time t is described by the partial differential equation ∂ u /∂ t = Δ u (Δ is the Laplacian) … (1) However, if we consider the function u ( t , ・) of x for each time t as an element of a certain appropriate function space and write it simply as u ( t ), and consider the corresponding u → Δ u as a mapping from that function space to the same function space and generally write it as A , then (1) can also be written as du ( t ) / dt = Au ( t ) … (2). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
時間とともに状態が変化していく物理現象があって,その変化のしかたが過去の履歴には無関係に,その瞬間の状態によって定まるならば,その変化のしかたは一つの微分方程式で記述される。このように状態の時間的発展を記述する方程式を,一般に発展方程式という。例えば熱伝導の現象において,時刻tにおける温度分布u=u(t,x)(xは空間の点)の変化のしかたは,偏微分方程式, ∂u/∂t=Δu (Δはラプラシアン) ……(1) で記述されるが,各時刻tに対してxの関数u(t,・)をある適当な関数空間の要素と考えて単にu(t)と書き,対応u→Δuをその関数空間から同じ関数空間への写像と考えて一般にAと書くと,(1)は, du(t)/dt=Au(t) ……(2) と書くこともできる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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