Chen Jiongming

A warlord in the Republic of China. His courtesy name was Jingzhong. He was from Haifeng County, Guangdong Province. He studied at the Guangdong Normal School and the Guangdong Law and Politics Institute. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he was a member of the Guangdong Advisory Board, and in 1910, he and Huang Xing attacked the Governor's Office in Guangzhou, but failed and fled to Hong Kong. During the Xinhai Revolution, he raised an army in Huizhou with Hu Hanmin and others, and captured Guangzhou. He became the deputy governor of Guangdong under Hu. After the failure of the Second Revolution, he was pursued by Long Jieguang of the Beiyang warlords and fled into exile. During the Third Revolution, he cooperated with the anti-Yuan (Yuan Shikai) forces in Yunnan and Guangxi, and restored Guangdong. In 1920, he pursued the Guangxi faction under the slogan "Cantonese for the Cantonese," was appointed governor of Guangdong Province, and together with Sun Yat-sen, he established the Second Guangdong Military Government. However, he strengthened his warlord influence by allying with Wu Pei-fu, and was dismissed from his position as governor by Sun Yat-sen in 1922. In June of the same year, he staged a coup and recaptured Guangzhou, but in January of the following year, 1923, he was attacked by the Yunnan and Guangxi armies and Sun Yat-sen's direct lineage army and was driven to Huizhou. He gained the backing of Britain and came into conflict with Sun Yat-sen's Guangdong government, but was defeated in 1925 by the Guangdong government's second eastern expedition, ending his political career.

[Noriyuki Ishijima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中華民国の軍閥。字(あざな)は競存(きょうぞん)。広東(カントン)省海豊県の人。広東師範学校、広東法政学堂に学んだ。清(しん)末に広東諮議局(しぎきょく)議員、1910年に黄興らと広州の総督衙門(がもん)を襲撃、失敗して香港(ホンコン)に亡命した。辛亥(しんがい)革命に際し胡漢民(こかんみん)らと恵州に挙兵し、広州を攻略。胡のもとで広東副都督となった。第二革命失敗後、北洋軍閥系の龍済光(りゅうせいこう)に追われ亡命。第三革命に際し、雲南、広西の討袁(えん)（袁世凱(せいがい)）軍に協力し、広東を回復した。1920年「広東人の広東」のスローガンを掲げて広西派を追い、広東省長に任命され、孫文(そんぶん)と第二次広東軍政府をつくった。しかし、呉佩孚(ごはいふ)と結ぶなど軍閥色を強めたため、1922年孫文により省長の職を解かれた。同年6月クーデターを起こして広州を奪回し、翌1923年1月雲南・広西軍、孫文直系軍の攻撃を受けて恵州に追われ、イギリスの後援を得て孫文の広東政府と対立したが、1925年広東政府の二度の東征に敗北し、政治生命を失った。

［石島紀之］

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