Vatican Museums - Vatican Museums (English name)

Japanese: バチカン美術館 - ばちかんびじゅつかん(英語表記)Musei Vaticani
Vatican Museums - Vatican Museums (English name)

One of the world's largest art museums, located next to St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, the headquarters of Catholicism. It began when Pope Julius II (reigned 1503-13) exhibited a collection of ancient sculptures in the Belvedere Gardens of the Papal Palace, and has since housed a vast collection of art, books, and documents collected by successive popes and the Papal Palace. The part called the museum is part of the main building and a separate art gallery, but the library in the main building, several rooms famous for their frescoes, and even a chapel are also open to the public.

The main building includes the Pio-Clementine Museum, which displays ancient sculptures such as "Aphrodite of Cnidus," "Apollo Belvedere," and "Laocoön," as well as museums displaying Egyptian art, Etruscan art, and medieval Christian art, the Raphael Rooms, which show the pinnacle of his art with works such as "Dispute of the Eucharist" and "The School of Athens," the Corridor, and the Borgia Rooms. The Pinacoteca was built by Pope Pius VI (reigned 1775-99) and displays works from Byzantium to the present day, mainly Italian paintings such as Giotto's altarpiece, Melozzo da Forli's "The Musician," and Leonardo da Vinci's "Saint Jerome." The Sistine Chapel, one of the greatest legacies of the Renaissance, is decorated with Michelangelo's ceiling and altarpiece "The Last Judgment," as well as murals by Botticelli, Perugino, and others. The murals in the Chapel of Nicola V were left by Fra Angelico. The Vatican, where this museum is located, was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1984 (World Cultural Heritage).

[Noriko Minato]

[References] | Sistine Chapel

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カトリックの総本山バチカンのサン・ピエトロ大聖堂に隣接する世界屈指の大美術館。ユリウス2世(在位1503~13)が古代彫刻のコレクションを教皇庁のベルベデーレの庭に展示したことに始まり、その後、歴代の教皇、教皇庁によって集められた膨大な美術品、図書、資料などが収蔵されている。美術館とよばれる部分は本館の一部と別棟の絵画館であるが、本館に含まれる図書室、フレスコ画で名高いいくつかの間、さらに礼拝堂もあわせて公開されている。

 本館には『クニドスのアフロディテ』『ベルベデーレのアポロ』『ラオコーン』など古代彫刻を並べるピオ・クレメンティーノ美術館をはじめ、エジプト美術、エトルリア美術、中世キリスト教美術を展示する各美術館、『聖体の論議』『アテネの学堂』など、彼の芸術の頂点を示すラファエッロの間、回廊、それにボルジア家の間などが含まれる。絵画館はピオ6世(在位1775~99)が建造したもので、ジョットの祭壇画、メロッツォ・ダ・フォルリの『奏楽の天使』、レオナルド・ダ・ビンチの『聖ヒエロニムス』などのイタリア絵画を主に、ビザンティンから現代に至る作品を展示する。ルネサンス最大の遺産の一つシスティナ礼拝堂は、ミケランジェロの天井画と祭壇画『最後の審判』や、ボッティチェッリやペルジーノらによる壁画で装飾されている。またニコラ5世礼拝堂の壁画はフラ・アンジェリコの残したものである。なお、この美術館のあるバチカン市国は1984年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。

[湊 典子]

[参照項目] | システィナ礼拝堂

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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