Landau, Lev Davidovich

Japanese: ランダウ（英語表記）Landau， Lev Davidovich

Born: January 22, 1908, Baku, Azerbaijan
[Died] April 1, 1968, Moscow. Soviet theoretical physicist. Born to an oil engineer, he graduated from Leningrad University at the age of 19 and was invited by N. Bohr to study at the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen. After spending five years at the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Engineering, he went to Moscow and became head of the theoretical department at the Institute of Physics (1937) and professor at Moscow University (43). In 1946, he was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He conducted research in a wide range of fields, including condensed matter theory, elementary particle theory, and atomic nucleus theory, and was extremely successful in extending quantum mechanics to many-body problems. In particular, his theory of superconductivity of liquid helium (→two-fluid theory) was brilliant. He also predicted the phenomenon of second sound, which was later proven. In 1962, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Landau
Landau

Its official name is Landau in der Pfalz. It is a city in the state of Rhineland-Pfalz in western Germany. It is one of the valley settlements in the Haart Mountains, about 30 km southwest of Speyer. It became an imperial city in 1291, and was part of France from 1680 to 1815, and Bavaria from 1616 onwards. It has many historical buildings, including a cathedral from the 14th and 15th centuries, as well as a famous zoo, extensive gardens and parks. It is a key location for road and rail transport, and light industries such as tobacco, food, shoes and furniture are thriving. Population: 37,274 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1908.1.22. アゼルバイジャン，バクー
[没]1968.4.1. モスクワ
ソ連の理論物理学者。石油工業の技術者の子として生れ，19歳でレニングラード大学を卒業，N.ボーアに招かれてコペンハーゲンの理論物理学研究所におもむいた。ウクライナ物理・工学研究所で5年間過したのち，モスクワに出て物理学研究所理論部主任 (1937) ，モスクワ大学教授 (43) 。 1946年ソ連科学アカデミー会員に選ばれた。物性理論，素粒子論，原子核理論と多方面にわたる研究を行い，量子力学の多体問題への拡張にすぐれた成功を収めた。特に液体ヘリウムの超流導の理論 (→二流体理論 ) はみごとなものであった。また第二音波を予言し，のちに実証された。 62年ノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。

ランダウ
Landau

正式名称はランダウインデアファルツ Landau in der Pfalz。ドイツ西部，ラインラントファルツ州の都市。シュパイアーの南西約 30kmにあるハールト山地の谷口集落の一つで，1291年に帝国都市となり，1680～1815年にはフランス領，16年以後バイエルン領となった。 14～15世紀の聖堂のほか歴史的建造物が多く，有名な動物園，広大な庭園，公園もある。道路，鉄道交通の要地で，たばこ，食品，靴，家具などの軽工業が盛ん。人口3万 7274 (1991推計) 。

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