A phonetic script created by the Tibetan monk Phagspa at the command of Kublai Khan (the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China). It is also called square characters because of its angular shape. Phagspa created this script in 1260, but it is not a completely original creation; it is a modification of Tibetan characters to suit the writing of Mongolian. It is characterized by the fact that each word is written vertically, moving from left to right in line, following the Uighur Mongolian script. It was created as an accurate phonetic script to be used by various ethnic groups under the rule of the Mongolians, was promulgated in 1269, and was used for about 100 years. In addition to inscriptions such as imperial decrees, coins, badges, official seals, and private seals, important documents that remain include the "Hundred Family Surnames" written in Phag-pa script, which lists the surnames of Han people, and the "Mongol Ziyun," which shows the pronunciation of Chinese characters in Phag-pa script. [Tatsuo Nishida] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、元のフビライ・ハン(世祖)が、チベットの高僧パスパ(八思巴)に命じてつくらせた表音文字。字形が角張っているところから、方形字ともよばれる。1260年パスパがこの文字をつくったが、まったくの創作ではなく、チベット文字をモンゴル語の表記に適するように改変したものであり、ウイグル式モンゴル文字を倣って、単語ごとにまとめて縦書きし、左から右に行を移すところに大きい特徴がある。 モンゴル民族統治下にある諸民族が使う正確な表音文字として誕生し、1269年に公布され、100年ほど使われた。勅命などの碑文、貨幣、牌子(はいし)、官印、私印などのほか、漢人の姓をパスパ文字で書いた「百家姓(ひゃっかせい)」と漢字の発音をパスパ文字で示した『蒙古字韻』が重要な資料として残っている。 [西田龍雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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