Fault breccia and fine-grained fault gouge, formed when rocks are broken by fault movement, are densely distributed along a fault with a width ranging from tens of centimeters to 2-3 kilometers. Also called a fault fracture zone. Fault breccia and fault gouge are fault rocks formed by fault movement in the shallow part of the crust, and are generally unconsolidated. Because the fracture zones associated with strike-slip faults are unconsolidated, they are more susceptible to erosion by running water than the surrounding rocks. As a result of this differential erosion, long, narrow valleys are often observed along the fracture zones. In addition, crossing fracture zones during tunnel excavation work can cause accidents such as abnormal flooding and collapses. While the term "fault zone" is used when many faults are found densely packed in a certain width, "shatter zone" is used to emphasize that the fractured materials such as fault breccia and fault gouge created by fault movement are densely packed over a wide width of several meters or more. The Tanagura Fault Zone, which stretches from Ibaraki Prefecture to Fukushima Prefecture, is a typical example where the term is used with a proper noun, and is a fault with a shatter zone 2 to 3 kilometers wide that runs in a north-northwest-southeast direction. The Tanagura Fault Zone is a left-lateral strike-slip zone, and is also called the Tanagura Tectonic Line or the Tanagura Fault. [Akihiro Murata] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
断層運動によって岩石が破砕されて形成された断層角礫(かくれき)fault brecciaや細粒な断層ガウジfault gougeが、断層に沿って数10センチメートルから2~3キロメートルなどのある幅をもって密集して分布するもの。断層破砕帯ともいう。 断層角礫や断層ガウジは、地殻の浅い部分での断層運動に伴って形成される断層岩であるため、未固結のものが基本となっている。横ずれ断層に伴う破砕帯は未固結であることから、周辺の岩石よりも流水による侵食の影響を受けやすい。この差別侵食の結果、破砕帯に沿って細長い谷地形が認められることが多い。また、トンネル掘削工事の際に破砕帯を横切ると、異常出水や崩落などの事故が発生することになる。 「断層帯」という用語が多くの断層がある幅に密集して認められるときに用いられるのに対し、「破砕帯」は断層運動によってできた断層角礫・断層ガウジなどの破砕物が数メートル以上の広い幅で密集していることに力点を置くときに使われる。茨城県から福島県に延びる棚倉破砕帯(たなぐらはさいたい)は、固有名詞を付して使われる代表例で、北北西‐南南東方向に延びる幅2~3キロメートルの破砕帯をもつ断層である。棚倉破砕帯は左横ずれで、棚倉構造線や棚倉断層とよばれることもある。 [村田明広] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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