Tofukuji Temple - Tofukuji

This is the head temple of the Rinzai sect Tofukuji school in Honmachi, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City. The mountain name is Enichisan. The principal image is Shakamuni Buddha. In 1236 (Kasei 2), a hall was built on the site of Hossho-ji Temple at the request of Kujo Doka, and Shoichi Kokushi Enni Ben'en, who had returned from Song China, was invited to become the temple's founder. It became a training center for the study of the three sects of Tendai, Shingon, and Zen. The seven halls were completed in 1255 (Kencho 7), three years after Doka's death, and the name Tofuku-ji was taken from one character each of Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji. It later flourished as the fourth of the Kyoto Five Mountains, but was destroyed by successive fires in 1319 (Gen'o 1), 1334 (Kenmu 1), and 1336 (Engen 1/Kenmu 3). In 1347 (Shohei 2/Sadakawa 3), Ichijo Tsunemichi rebuilt the Buddha Hall, and the various buildings were subsequently renovated by Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and others. In 1881 (Meiji 14), a fire broke out in the abbot's chamber, destroying the Buddha Hall and lecture hall, but reconstruction began in 1890 and was finally completed in April 1934 (Showa 9). Currently, the temple has many cultural properties, including the Sanmon Gate (national treasure, Muromachi period), the oldest of any Zen temple, the Gekka Gate (1264-75), the Zen Hall (1347), the Niomon Gate (1391), the bathhouse and Tosu (both Muromachi period), and other buildings (all of which are nationally important cultural properties). It also has a portrait of Mushun Shihan (Southern Song dynasty), 103 volumes of the Song edition of "Taihei Gyoran," 12 volumes of six volumes of the Song edition of "Giso," the calligraphy of Mushun Shihan, and Zen temple plaques and pavilions (all of which are national treasures). There have been 53 sub-temples since the Middle Ages, but they were merged after the Meiji period, and today 25 remain, including Ryōgin-an and Rikkyoku-an. The temple grounds are vast, and the Tsutenkyo Bridge, which connects the Zen hall, sutra repository, and founder's hall, has long been famous as a famous spot for viewing autumn leaves.

[Toshiaki Hirai]

"Tofukuji Journal" edited by Shiraishi Kogetsu (1979, Shibunkaku)" ▽ "Ancient Temple Pilgrimage, Kyoto 18, Tofukuji Temple" (1977, Tankosha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

京都市東山区本町にある臨済(りんざい)宗東福寺派の大本山。山号は慧日(えにち)山。本尊は釈迦牟尼仏(しゃかむにぶつ)。1236年（嘉禎2）九条道家の発願により法性寺(ほっしょうじ)跡に一堂が創建され、宋(そう)から帰国した聖一国師円爾弁円(しょういちこくしえんにべんえん)を開山に迎え、天台・真言(しんごん)・禅の三宗兼学の道場とした。七堂伽藍(がらん)の完成は道家死後3年たった1255年（建長7）で、東福寺の名は東大寺と興福寺から1字ずつをとった。のち京都五山の第四位に列せられ栄えたが、1319年（元応1）、1334年（建武1）、1336年（延元1・建武3）と相次ぐ火災によって焼亡した。1347年（正平2・貞和3）一条経通(つねみち)が仏殿を再興し、以後足利義持(あしかがよしもち)、豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉、徳川家康らによって諸堂が重修された。1881年（明治14）方丈から失火して仏殿、法堂(はっとう)などを焼失、1890年再建に着手し、1934年（昭和9）4月に至ってようやくその落成をみた。現在、禅宗寺院最古の三門（国宝、室町時代）をはじめ、月下(げっか)門（1264～75）、禅堂（1347）、仁王門（1391）、浴室・東司(とうす)（ともに室町時代）などの建築物（以上、国重要文化財）があり、また無準師範(ぶじゅんしばん)画像（南宋(なんそう)代）や宋版『太平御覧(ぎょらん)』103冊、宋刊本『義楚(ぎそ)』6帖(じょう)12冊、無準師範墨蹟(ぼくせき)、禅院額字・牌字（以上、国宝）のほか、非常に多くの文化財を所蔵する。塔頭(たっちゅう)は中古以来53院あったが、明治以後合併され、現在は竜吟庵(りょうぎんあん)や栗棘庵(りっきょくあん)など25院が残る。寺域広大で、禅堂・経蔵と開山堂をつなぐ通天橋(つうてんきょう)は古来紅葉の名所として有名。

［平井俊榮］

『白石虎月編『東福寺誌』（1979・思文閣）』▽『『古寺巡礼　京都18　東福寺』（1977・淡交社）』

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