Italian violinist and composer. He studied violin and composition in his hometown of Genoa and Parma. He showed genius from an early age, and in his mid-teens, he toured around northern Italy and gained fame, but suddenly stopped performing in 1801. In 1805, he was invited to the court of Lucca, and resumed touring. After a five-year hiatus due to health reasons, he toured around Europe, and his performances in Vienna in 1828, Berlin in 1829, and Paris and London in 1831 created an unprecedented sensation. His eventful life, fame, and unique performance style, which was unparalleled at the time, gave birth to many legendary episodes. His health began to deteriorate around 1832, and he gradually retired from performing, and he died in Nice in 1840. Paganini's playing techniques were hidden in a secretive way, and he hardly trained any disciples, so his playing style has not been passed down to later generations. He tried to use the instrument to its fullest expressiveness, and to that end, he adopted special tuning methods, left-handed pizzicato, and used extreme ranges. He also devised a variety of bowing techniques, combining quick staccato and legato. He also demonstrated acrobatic playing, such as performing a concert with one string removed. Paganini's playing and powerful expressiveness strongly inspired composers of his time. His technique and style of expression are concentrated in his own works, especially in the 24 Caprice for Solo Violin (Schumann, Liszt and Brahms arranged and composed piano pieces based on the melodies from these works), as well as six violin concertos (the third movement of the second concerto, La campanella, is famous; Liszt composed a piano solo piece on this theme), and works for the guitar, which he favored. [Yoshio Miyama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアのバイオリン奏者、作曲家。生地ジェノバおよびパルマでバイオリンや作曲を学ぶ。幼少時から天才ぶりを発揮、10代なかばで北イタリア各地を演奏旅行し名声を獲得したが、1801年突然演奏活動をやめた。05年ルッカの宮廷に招かれ、その後演奏旅行も再開した。健康上の理由で5年間にわたり活動を中断したのち、ヨーロッパ各地へ演奏旅行し、28年のウィーン、29年のベルリン、31年のパリやロンドンにおける演奏は、かつて例をみないほどのセンセーションを巻き起こした。また波瀾(はらん)に富んだ生活、名声、当時他に例をみない独特な演奏法により、多くの伝説的なエピソードを生んだ。32年ごろから健康悪化、しだいに演奏から退き、40年ニースで没した。 パガニーニは演奏の際技巧を秘術的に隠す演出をし、弟子をほとんど育成しなかったため、その奏法は後世に伝わらなかった。彼は楽器の表現力の極限まで用いようとし、そのために特別な調弦法、左手によるピッチカートなどを採用、また極端な音域も使った。運弓法も、すばやいスタッカートや、それにレガートを組み合わせるなど、多様な演奏方法がくふうされた。彼は弦の1本を外したまま演奏会を行うなど、曲芸的な演奏も披露した。パガニーニの演奏と強烈な表出力は同時代の作曲家に強い刺激を与えた。 彼の技巧や表現法は彼自身の作品、とくに『無伴奏バイオリンのための24の奇想曲』に集約されている(このなかの旋律によりシューマン、リスト、ブラームスはピアノ曲を編・作曲している)。ほかに6曲のバイオリン協奏曲(第2番の第3楽章「鐘」La campanellaが有名で、リストはこの主題によりピアノ独奏曲をつくっている)、彼の好んだギターのための作品などを残している。 [美山良夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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