Burke, Kenneth

Japanese: バーク（英語表記）Burke， Kenneth
Burke, Kenneth
Born: May 5, 1897 in Pittsburgh
[Died] November 19, 1993. Andover. American critic. After graduating from Ohio State University and Columbia University, he worked for so-called little magazines such as Bloom, and edited The Dial (1927-29). He then lectured literature at Bennington College and the University of Chicago. He built a grand system that included literature, philosophy, linguistics, and psychology, and viewed all human mental activities as "symbolic actions" of language. His major works include The Philosophy of Literary Form: Studies in Symbolic Action (1941), A Grammar of Motives (1945), A Rhetoric of Motives (1950), The Rhetoric of Religion (1961), and Language as Symbolic Action (1966).

Burke
Burke, Edmund

Born: January 12, 1729? Dublin, Ireland
[Died] July 9, 1797. Beaconsfield, England. British politician and political philosopher of Irish origin. He went to London to become a lawyer, but turned to writing, publishing works such as The Origin of the Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757). He soon became secretary to the Whig leader Charles W.-W. Rockingham and entered politics, becoming a member of the House of Commons in 1765. He worked hard to limit royal power and establish parliamentary government, and supported the colonies in the American Independence Movement (→American War of Independence), but opposed the French Revolution. He wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), defending the English constitution based on tradition and experience. This book is famous as a classic of modern conservatism, rejecting Enlightenment rationalism.

Burke
bark; barque

A type of Western-style sailing ship that has been around since ship names were subdivided based on sailing style. It is a ship with three or more masts, with only the last mast equipped with fore-sail sails and all the other masts equipped with square sails. It is generally used for large sailing ships, along with ships, and is called a three-masted barque or a four-masted barque depending on the number of masts. Western-style sailing ships built in Japan in the mid-19th century, during the late Edo period, such as the Ho-o Maru and Shohei Maru, are the former, while the Nippon Maru and Kaiwo Maru, which are famous as some of the world's largest sailing ships today, are the latter.

Burke
Burke, William

Born: 1792. Cork
Died January 28, 1829. Edinburgh. A brutal murderer from Ireland. He moved to Scotland in 1818. In 1827, taking advantage of the difficulty in obtaining corpses for medical research in Edinburgh at the time, he conspired with lodging house owner W. Hare to lure travelers, get them drunk, strangle them, and sell the bodies to a medical school. Fifteen people were killed in nine months, but he was discovered in 1828 and executed by hanging. The verb burke, which means "to strangle" or "to crush in secret", is derived from his name.

Burke
Burke, Robert O'Hara

Born: 1820. Galway
Died June 28, 1861. Irish explorer from Queensland. He emigrated to Australia from Ireland in 1853 and became a policeman. He left Melbourne in August 1860 and reached the Gulf of Carpentaria in February the following year, becoming the first man to successfully traverse Australia from north to south, but died of starvation on the way back.

Burke
Bourke

A town in northern New South Wales, Australia, 842 km northwest of Sydney. Located on the Darling River, it developed as a river port. It is the terminus of the railway line from Sydney and a distribution center for sheep. It is considered a typical example of a frontier town. Population 3,018 (1986).

Burke

See the "Calamity Jane" page.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1897.5.5. ピッツバーグ
[没]1993.11.19. アンドーバー
アメリカの批評家。オハイオ州立大学，コロンビア大学卒業後，『ブルーム』などのいわゆるリトル・マガジンで活躍，『ダイアル』の編集に従事 (1927～29) したのち，ベニントン大学，シカゴ大学などで文学を講じた。文学，哲学，言語学，心理学を含む壮大な体系を打ち立て，人間のあらゆる精神的営為を言語の「象徴的行為」としてとらえた。主著『文学形式の哲学－象徴的行為の研究』 The Philosophy of Literary Form: Studies in Symbolic Action (1941) ，『動機の文法』A Grammar of Motives (1945) ，『動機の修辞学』A Rhetoric of Motives (1950) ，『宗教の修辞学』 The Rhetoric of Religion (1961) ，『象徴的行為としての言語』 Language as Symbolic Action (1966) など。

バーク
Burke, Edmund

[生]1729.1.12?. アイルランド，ダブリン
[没]1797.7.9. イギリス，ビーコンズフィールド
アイルランド出身のイギリスの政治家，政治哲学者。ロンドンに出て弁護士を志したが，文筆に転じ『崇高と美の観念の起原』（1757）などを発表，まもなくホイッグ党の領袖チャールズ・W.-W.ロッキンガムの秘書となって政治に転じ，1765年下院議員となった。王権の制限と議会政治の確立に尽力し，アメリカ独立運動（→アメリカ独立戦争）においては植民地側を支持したが，フランス革命には反対し，『フランス革命に関する省察』（1790）を著して，伝統と経験に基礎をおくイングランドの国制を擁護した。この著書は啓蒙的合理主義を否定する近代保守主義の古典として有名。

バーク
bark; barque

帆装形式で船の名称が細分化して以来の西洋型帆船の一種で，3本以上の帆柱をもち，最後部の帆柱のみに縦帆を装備するほかは，他の帆柱のすべてに横帆を装備する帆装形式の船をいう。一般にシップと並んで大型帆船に用いられることが多く，帆柱の数によって3檣 (しょう) バークとか4檣バークと呼ぶ。幕末期の 19世紀中頃，日本で建造された西洋型帆船の『鳳凰丸』『昇平丸』などの大型帆船は前者であり，現在，世界有数の大型帆船として有名な『日本丸』と『海王丸』は後者である。

バーク
Burke， William

[生]1792. コーク
[没]1829.1.28. エディンバラ
アイルランド出身の凶悪殺人犯。 1818年スコットランドに移る。 27年エディンバラで当時医学研究用死体が入手難であったのに乗じ，下宿の主人 W.ヘアと共謀，旅行者を誘惑して止宿させ，酒を飲ませて首を絞め，医学校に死体を売った。9ヵ月で 15名の犠牲者が出たが，28年に発覚し，絞首刑に処せられた。「絞め殺す」とか「秘密に握りつぶす」という意味の動詞 burkeは，彼の名に由来する。

バーク
Burke， Robert O'Hara

[生]1820. ゴールウェー
[没]1861.6.28. クイーンズランド
アイルランドの探検家。 1853年アイルランドからオーストラリアに移住し，警察官となった。 60年8月メルボルンを出発，翌年2月カーペンタリア湾に到達してオーストラリア南北縦断に初めて成功したが，帰路餓死した。

バーク
Bourke

オーストラリア，ニューサウスウェールズ州北部，シドニーの北西 842kmにある町。ダーリング川沿岸に位置し，河港として発達。シドニーからの鉄道の終点で，ヒツジの集散地。辺境の町の典型例として扱われる。人口 3018 (1986) 。

バーク

「カラミティ・ジェーン」のページをご覧ください。

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