Celal Bayar

Japanese: バヤル - ばやる(英語表記)Celal Bayar
Celal Bayar

Turkish politician. Born in Umurbey, Bursa Province, western Turkey. He received his primary and secondary education from his father, a priest. He then worked at the Bursa branch of the German Orient Bank. In 1907, he joined the Committee of Union and Progress (also known as the Young Turks). He served in the Homeland Liberation War and the War of Independence under Kemal Pasha (Kemal Atatürk). He was elected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly in April 1920, and served as Minister of National Economy (1921) and Minister of Construction and Migration (1923). After retiring from office in 1924, he founded Turkey's first private bank, Türkiye s Bankas, and became its president. In 1932, he returned to politics and served as Minister of National Economy (1932) and Prime Minister (November 1937 to January 1939). During this time, he worked to promote the Five-Year Economic Development Plan. In 1945, he left the Republican People's Party and founded the Democratic Party with Adnan Menderes and others, becoming its president. In the general election of May 1950, the party won a landslide victory, and he was elected as Turkey's third president (in office May 22, 1950 - May 27, 1960). He was Turkey's first civilian president. He was arrested in a military coup in May 1960 and sentenced to death. His sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment, and he was released at the end of 1964, and pardoned in 1966. He died of old age in 1985.

[Hiroshi Nagaba]

[References] | Kemal Ataturk | Turkey | Menderes

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トルコの政治家。トルコ西部のブルサ県ウムルベイに生まれる。聖職者である父親から初等・中等程度の教育を受ける。その後、ドイツ・オリエント銀行ブルサ支店に勤務する。1907年「統一と進歩委員会」(いわゆる青年トルコ党)に入党。ケマル・パシャ(ケマル・アタチュルク)の下で祖国解放・独立戦争に従軍する。1920年4月トルコ大国民議会の議員に選出され、国民経済相(1921)、建設・移住相(1923)を歴任。退官して1924年にトルコ初の民間銀行トルコ実業銀行Türkiye s Bankasを設立して総裁に就任する。1932年政界に復帰して国民経済相(1932)、首相(1937年11月~1939年1月)を務める。この間、経済開発五か年計画の推進に努める。1945年共和人民党を離党してアドナン・メンデレスなどとともに民主党を創設して総裁に就任する。1950年5月の総選挙で同党が大勝し、第3代大統領に選出される(在任1950年5月22日~1960年5月27日)。トルコ初の文官出身の大統領。1960年5月の軍事クーデターで逮捕され、死刑判決を受ける。その後、無期懲役に減刑され、1964年末釈放、1966年恩赦。1985年老衰のため死去。

[長場 紘]

[参照項目] | ケマル・アタチュルク | トルコ | メンデレス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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