Euler's top - Oyler's top

Japanese: オイラーのこま - おいらーのこま
Euler's top - Oyler's top

… [Yoshiko Yagita]
[Dynamics of a top]
In mechanics, a top refers to a rigid body that rotates around a fixed point. To quantitatively examine its motion, we use Euler's equations (given by L. Euler in 1760), but initially it was thought that the motion for any initial condition could be calculated by integrating these equations only in two cases: (1) when no external forces act (called an Euler top), and (2) when a rigid body with an axis of rotational symmetry, like an ordinary top (called a symmetric top), rotates with a fixed point on that axis (called a Lagrange top). If the center of gravity is a fixed point even when gravity is present, this corresponds to (1), and if, in the case of an ordinary top, the lower end of the axis is always in contact with a fixed point on the floor, this corresponds to (2).

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Euler's top" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…【八木田 宜子】
【こまの力学】
 力学でこまというときには,固定点のまわりで回転する剛体を指す。その運動を数量的に調べるのにはオイラーの方程式(1760年L.オイラーが与えた)を用いるが,当初は,この方程式を積分することによって任意の初期条件に対する運動を求めることができるのは,(1)外力が働かない場合(オイラーのこまという),(2)ふつうにいうこまのように回転対称軸をもつ剛体(対称こまという)の回転で,固定点がその軸の上にある場合(ラグランジュのこまという)の2種に限られていると思われていた。重力があっても重心が固定点ならば(1)に,ふつうのこまで軸の下端が床の一定点につねに接している場合は(2)に相当する。…

※「オイラーのこま」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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