On June 6, 1944, towards the end of World War II, the Allied forces landed in Northern France. Also known as Operation Overlord. The first wave of the attack alone involved 176,000 American, British and Canadian soldiers, 5,300 ships of various kinds, and 14,000 fighter planes, bombers and transports, and was called the "largest operation in history." The Supreme Commander was Eisenhower of the United States, and the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces was Montgomery of the United Kingdom. The landing site was on the coastline of about 100 kilometers from the Cotentin Peninsula (Normandy Peninsula) to the mouth of the Orne River. The German side miscalculated the landing site, and despite the combat command of General Rundstedt, commander-in-chief of the Western Army, and General Rommel, commander of Army Group B, they succumbed to the offensive of the Allied forces, which had overwhelming material superiority, and within about 90 days, Paris and almost the entire country of France were handed over to the Allied forces. [Shunichi Fujimura] [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
第二次世界大戦末期の1944年6月6日、連合軍によって実施された北フランス上陸作戦。別名「オーバーロード(大君主)作戦」Operation Overlord。用いられた兵力は、第一波攻撃だけでも、アメリカ、イギリス、カナダの将兵17万6000人、各種艦艇5300隻、戦闘機・爆撃機・輸送機1万4000機というすさまじさで、物資揚陸用の人工港まで曳航(えいこう)して、「史上最大の作戦」といわれた。最高司令官にはアメリカのアイゼンハワー、地上軍の総司令官にはイギリスのモンゴメリーがあたった。上陸地点は、コタンタン半島(ノルマンディー半島)からオルヌ河口までの約100キロメートルの海岸。ドイツ側は、上陸地点の予測を誤ったこともあり、西部方面軍総司令官ルントシュテット、B軍集団司令官ロンメルらの戦闘指揮にもかかわらず、物量に圧倒的に優勢な連合軍の攻勢に屈し、約90日でパリをはじめフランスのほぼ全土を連合軍の手に明け渡す結果となった。 [藤村瞬一] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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