Prayer beads - juzu

Japanese: 数珠 - じゅず
Prayer beads - juzu

One of the tools used in various religions. It is also called "zuzu" and "nenju". Many small beads are strung on a ring, sometimes with tassels. During religious ceremonies, the beads are tangled one by one while praying silently or chanting a scripture, expressing deep devotion and exorcising evil spirits. In India, it was used in Brahmanism, Hinduism, Jainism, and other religions, and has become widespread in Buddhism to this day. In Buddhism, both monks and lay believers wear it on their hands during ceremonies, but later it was also used on Buddhist statues. The beads are tangled when worshiping Buddha or Bodhisattva and thinking about them in one's mind, or when trying to eliminate earthly desires. The number of beads is usually 108, which refers to the 108 earthly desires. Some have fewer beads, half of which, 54, represent the 54 ranks of bodhisattva, and half of those, 27, represent the 27 sages. The beads are originally made of bodhi fruit or crystal, but sometimes they are replaced by simple or extravagant beads.

The original word is Sanskrit japa-mālā (a recitation wheel). As it was transmitted from India to the West, it became known as japā-mālā and spread to Christian countries as well. The Sanskrit word japa means rose, so in the West it is literally translated as rosary (in Latin rosarium, in English rosary, in German Rosenkranz, and in French rosarie). As in India, prayer beads are used in religious ceremonies, and are also commonly used for daily prayer and as a kind of symbol. Prayer beads are also used widely in Islam, where they are the most widely distributed religious item.

In most religions, rituals follow a common format: the person puts on religious robes, wears a rosary on the hand and holds it under their fingernails, offers fire from a lamp or candle, lights incense on an altar decorated with flowers, joins their hands in prayer, chants holy verses or scriptures, and makes worship to gods, Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, the spirits of the deceased, or others.

[Mitsunori Saegusa]

"The Story of Rosary" by Taniguchi Koji (1996, Hozokan)

[References] | Religion | Rosary

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

諸宗教で用いられる道具の一つ。「ずず」とも読み、また念珠(ねんじゅ)ともいう。多数の小さな珠(たま)を一つの輪につないであり、ときにはそれに房(ふさ)をつける。宗教儀礼の際、珠を一つずつ爪(つま)ぐりながら、無言のまま祈念し、または聖句を唱えて、深い帰依(きえ)を表明し、また厄(やく)を祓(はら)う。インドではバラモン教、ヒンドゥー教、ジャイナ教などで用いられ、仏教にも広く普及して今日に至る。仏教では、出家者も在家信者も儀礼のとき手にかけるが、のちには仏像にかけるなどの例もある。仏(ほとけ)や菩薩(ぼさつ)を礼拝(らいはい)し心に念ずるとき、また煩悩(ぼんのう)を消滅させようとするとき、その珠を爪ぐる。珠の数が通常108個であるのは、百八煩悩にちなむ。珠の数の少ないものもあり、半数の54個は菩薩の五四位、さらにその半数の27個は二七賢聖(けんしょう)に通ずる。その珠は、菩提樹(ぼだいじゅ)の実や水晶などを本来の材料とするが、ときにはそれらにかえて、簡素なものや豪奢(ごうしゃ)なものもある。

 原語はサンスクリット語のジャパ・マーラjapa-mālā(念誦(ねんじゅ)の輪)。これがインドから西方に伝えられる間に、ジャパー・マーラーjapā-mālāとして広まり、キリスト教圏にも普及した。サンスクリット語のジャパーはバラroseを意味するところから、西洋では直訳されてロザリオ(ラテン語でrosarium、英語でrosary、ドイツ語でRosenkranz、フランス語でrosarie)となり、インドの場合と同様、宗教儀礼に用いられ、また日常の祈りや一種の象徴として一般化している。さらにイスラム教でも数珠はあまねく用いられ、もっとも広範囲に流通する宗教用具となっている。

 どの宗教においても、おおむねその儀礼に際して、法衣をまとい、手に数珠をかけ、それを爪ぐり、灯明やろうそくなどの火を献じ、花などで飾った祭壇に香を焚(た)き、合掌して、聖句や経典などを唱え、神、仏、菩薩、死者の霊その他に礼拝するという、ある共通した形式がみられる。

[三枝充悳]

『谷口幸璽著『数珠のはなし』(1996・法蔵館)』

[参照項目] | 宗教 | ロザリオ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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