A government financial institution established in 1950 (Showa 25) under the Japan Export-Import Bank Act, it was fully funded by the government and was abbreviated as Exim Bank. It started out as the Japan Export Bank, but in 1952 added import financing operations to become the Japan Export-Import Bank. The purpose of the bank's establishment was to complement or encourage financing for imports and exports and overseas investments conducted by general financial institutions in order to promote economic exchange, primarily trade with foreign countries. Funds were raised by borrowing from the fund management department and issuing bonds, and the funds added to the bank's own capital were used for operations. The main financial operations are: (2) Import finance: Lending the funds necessary for Japanese companies to import resources such as oil, or products and technologies such as communications satellites and computers. (3) Investment Finance: Lending the funds necessary for Japanese companies to invest in building factories overseas or developing important resources overseas. (4) Untied loans: Lending of funds necessary for projects that contribute to the development of the economic infrastructure of countries in which Japanese companies operate and to securing resources for Japan. Untied loans are not conditional on the purchase of equipment and materials from Japanese companies. As of March 1998, the company's financial situation was as follows: capital 985.5 billion yen, outstanding loans 9,993.7 billion yen, outstanding borrowings 7,261 billion yen, and outstanding bonds 1,323 billion yen. In March 1995, as part of the streamlining of public corporations, a cabinet decision was made to merge the JBIC with the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF), and in October 1999, the JBIC merged with the OECF to become the JBIC. As a result of subsequent policy finance reforms, the JBIC's "international financial operations" were taken over by the Japan Finance Corporation in October 2008. The JBIC became the international division of the corporation, but in April 2012, it was separated again from the Japan Finance Corporation and launched as the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC). [Hara Shiro] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1950年(昭和25)日本輸出入銀行法に基づいて設立された全額政府出資の政府金融機関で、輸銀と略称した。当初、日本輸出銀行として出発したが、1952年輸入金融業務を追加して日本輸出入銀行となった。本銀行設立の目的は、外国との貿易を主とする経済の交流を促進するため、一般の金融機関が行う輸出入および海外投資に関する金融を補完し、または奨励することにあった。資金調達は資金運用部資金からの借入れと債券発行によっており、これに自己資本金を加えた資金を運用にあてていた。 おもな金融業務は、 (2)輸入金融 日本企業が石油などの資源や通信衛星、コンピュータなどの製品や技術を輸入する際に必要な資金の貸付。 (3)投資金融 日本企業が海外で工場を建設したり、重要な資源を開発する際の投資に必要な資金の貸付。 (4)アンタイド・ローン 日本企業が進出先の国の経済基盤の整備や日本の資源確保に役だつプロジェクトに必要な資金の貸付。日本企業からの資機材購入を条件としない。 1998年(平成10)3月時点の資金状況は、資本金9855億円、貸付金残高9兆9937億円、借入金残高7兆2610億円、債券残高は1兆3230億円であった。 1995年3月、特殊法人等の整理合理化の一環として海外経済協力基金(OECF)との統合が閣議決定され、1999年10月、海外経済協力基金と統合し、国際協力銀行となった。なお、その後の政策金融改革によって、国際協力銀行の業務のうち「国際金融等業務」は、2008年(平成20)10月に日本政策金融公庫に引き継がれた。国際協力銀行は同公庫の国際部門となったが、2012年4月、日本政策金融公庫から再度、分離され、株式会社国際協力銀行(JBIC)として発足した。 [原 司郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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