duplication

Japanese: duplication
duplication


[Chromosomal Mutation]
Originally, this term referred to structural changes in chromosomes that could be observed with an optical microscope, such as the shape of chromosomes during metaphase of somatic cell division, the state of chromosome pairing during metaphase of meiosis, and the banding of giant chromosomes such as the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila, but it now includes minute changes that can be detected by genetic analysis, electron microscopy, chemical analysis, etc. These include deletions, in which parts of chromosomes (either terminal or intermediate parts) are lost, translocations, in which parts of chromosomes are transferred to other parts of the same chromosome or to other chromosomes, duplications, in which parts of chromosomes are added adjacent to or to other parts of their original location, and inversions, in which the orientation of parts of chromosomes is reversed (Figure 2). All of these are thought to be caused by abnormal recombination, such as chromosome breakage and recombination, unequal recombination, and non-homologous chromosome recombination (Figure 3).

*Some terminology explanations that mention "duplication" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[染色体突然変異]
 これは元来,光学顕微鏡で観察できる染色体の構造変化,たとえば体細胞分裂中期の染色体の形態,減数分裂中期の染色体対合の状態,ショウジョウバエの唾腺(だせん)染色体のような巨大染色体の縞模様などによって解析されるものを指したが,現在では遺伝解析,電子顕微鏡観察,化学分析などによって検出できる微小なものも含めるようになっている。その中には,染色体の一部(末端部分の場合も中間部分の場合もある)が消失した欠失deletion,染色体の一部が同一染色体の別の場所または別の染色体に移った転座translocation,染色体の一部が本来の場所に隣接または別の場所に付け加わった重複duplication,染色体の一部の方向性が逆になった逆位inversionなどがある(図2)。いずれも染色体の切断‐再結合および不等組換え,非相同染色体組換えなどの異常組換えによって生じると考えられている(図3)。…

※「duplication」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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