Kaiawase - Kaiawase

Japanese: 貝合 - かいあわせ

〘Noun〙① One of the games played in the Heian period. Participants split into two groups, one on each side, and compete to see who has the best shells. ※Choku-1-nen Koshin Ryoshi no Himemyo Kai-awase (1040): "Participants go out to various harbors to collect shells, and bring them back to the Emperor, who selects unknown and interesting ones to play with. They then compete to find the winner, saying that they will bring back even one rare shell."② A game played from the end of the Heian period. Three hundred and sixty clams are distributed among several people, and each person divides their shells into two pieces, a left shell and a right shell, and then takes out all of the right shells as the ground shells and lines them up. The center is left empty, and each person takes turns putting out their left shells as the out shells , and the person who selects and matches the most pairs of shells wins. In later times, to make it easier to match the shells, the same picture was painted on both sides of the shell, or the first and second lines of a waka poem were written separately. Shells are full. Shells are full. ※Fukuro-soshi (around 1157-59) vol. 1: "On the 13th, the Empress's presence _{was able to} _match _two shells" ③ To close the two halves of a shell tightly. ※Joruri: Kokuseiya-gassen (1715) vol. 2: " When a clam bites its opening , it breaks its precepts and is shameless . It jumps and clicks. It bites firmly into the shell and does not let anyone fool it." ④ A slang term for homosexuality between women. ※Zappai: Azumakarage (1755) "Even though it is said to be a consolation, a chaste woman's shells are matched" [Etymology] ① was played as a game during the Heian period, but there is no mention of it in "The Tale of Genji" or "The Pillow Book." On the other hand, "Kahiohoi," the same as ②, became popular from the end of the Heian period onwards, but was sometimes confused with ①. It seems that these two games were played in parallel until around the end of the Heian period. However, after the Kamakura period, "Kahiahase," which involved decorating the beach with shells to create an elegant look and often accompany poems, fell out of fashion, and "Kahiohoi," which involved competing to see who could combine the best shells, became popular.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 平安時代の物合わせの一つ。左右に分かれて珍しい貝を出して合わせ、その優劣を競う遊び。※長久元年庚申良子内親王貝合（1040）「浦々にいでて貝を拾ひつつ、もて参り集まるを、御前には、世に知らずをかしきものに選り遊ばせ給ふを、おなじくはかひあはせをして、珍らしからむ一つにても、持て参りたらむを勝つにせむなどいひて」② 平安末期から行なわれた遊び。三六〇個のハマグリを数人に分配し、各自がその貝殻を左貝、右貝の両片に分けたうえ、右貝を地貝(じがい)としてすべて出して並べる。その中央を空所にしておき、それぞれの持った左貝を出貝(だしがい)としてその空所に順次出し、対(つい)になった両片を数多く選び合わせたものを勝ちとする。後世、合わせやすいように貝の内側に左右同じ趣向の絵、または和歌の上の句と下の句を分けて書いたりした。貝おい。貝おおい。※袋草紙（1157‐59頃）上「来十三日中宮御方可_レ有_二貝合之事_一」③ 貝殻の両片をぴったりと閉じ合わせること。※浄瑠璃・国性爺合戦（1715）二「蛤も蛤口をくはつと破戒無慚(はかいむざん)。飛ついてかちかちかち。つつく所を貝合にしっかと喰(くひ)しめいごかせず」④ 女性同士の同性愛をいう隠語。※雑俳・あづまからげ（1755）「慰といへど貞女の貝あはせ」[語誌]①は平安時代に遊戯として行なわれていたが、「源氏物語」や「枕草子」にはその記述がない。一方②と同じ「かひおほひ」は平安時代末期以降盛んになるが、①と混同されることもあった。平安時代末期頃まではこの二種の遊びが併行していたらしい。しかし、鎌倉時代以降は貝を飾った州浜に風流を凝らし、そこに和歌を詠み添えることの多い「かひあはせ」は滅び、もっぱら貝の組み合わせを競う「かひおほひ」が盛行した。

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