Nanzhao - Nansho

A kingdom formed in the mid-8th century in the Yunnan region of China. Nanzhao ("Namu" means king) was one of the six Tibetan imperial edicts that were based in the Dali Basin. It rose to power while cooperating with the Tang Dynasty in managing Yunnan, eventually defeating rival tribes in the Dali Basin and the Kunming Basin to the east. Finally, the fifth king, Ge Luofeng, received help from Tubo (the Kingdom of Tibet) and escaped from Tang rule to establish a kingdom (752). The next king, Ibojin, further severed his vassal relationship with Tubo, moved his capital to what is now Dali City, and established various domestic systems to establish the Nanzhao Kingdom in both name and reality. As both the Tang and the Tubo states entered a period of decline, the Nanzhao gradually expanded its territory, advancing westward into Upper Burma, south into Jiaozhou (Hanoi), and north into Chengdu (Sichuan Province), causing great difficulties for the Tang dynasty in its defense. Eventually, powerful officials within the state rose to power, and the Zheng, Zhao, and Yang families successively seized the throne, and furthermore, the Tonghai Jiedoshi (commander in chief), Duan Siping, founded the Dali Kingdom (937).

The Nanzhao Kingdom was based on the Baiban (present-day Bai people) agricultural society of the Dali and Kunming Basins, and was formed around the Baiban culture, with many of its systems and cultural artifacts based on the Tang Dynasty system, but there are also some Tibetan-based ones. From the Tang Dynasty, Confucianism was learned, Chinese characters were used officially, and aristocratic Buddhism, which adopted Chinese Buddhism, flourished greatly, with temples and Buddha statues being built.

[Yoshimi Fujisawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

8世紀なかば中国の雲南省地方に形成された一王国。南詔（詔は王の意）は大理盆地帯に割拠していたチベット系六詔中の一詔で、唐朝の雲南経営に協力しつつ台頭し、やがて大理盆地や東方の昆明(こんめい)盆地の対立諸部族を打倒し、ついに5代目の閣羅鳳(かくらほう)は吐蕃(とばん)（チベット王国）の加勢を受けて唐の支配下からも脱して一王国を創立した（752）。次代の異牟尋(いぼうじん)はさらに吐蕃への臣服関係をも断ち切って、いまの大理市治に都を移し、国内の諸制度を整えて名実ともに南詔王国を確立した。唐、吐蕃両国が衰退期に入ると、南詔はしだいに領域を拡張して、西方は上ビルマに、南方は交州（ハノイ）に、北方は成都（四川(しせん)省）へと進出し、唐朝は防備のため大いに苦しめられた。やがて国内の権臣が台頭し、鄭(てい)氏、趙(ちょう)氏、楊(よう)氏が相次いで王位を奪い、さらに通海節度使段思平(だんしへい)が大理国を開いた（937）。

　南詔王国は大理盆地と昆明盆地の白蛮（現在の白(ペー)族）系農耕社会を基盤とし、白蛮文化を中心に形成されたもので、諸制度や文物は多く唐制によっているが、チベット系のものもみられる。唐からは儒学を学び漢字を公用し、中国仏教を受容した貴族仏教も大いに栄え、建寺造仏が行われた。

［藤沢義美］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例