Bruckner

Japanese: ブルックナー

Austrian composer and organist. Born in Ansfelden near Linz as the eldest son of a school teacher, he was introduced to music from an early age by his father, who also worked as an organist at the village church. After losing his father at the age of 13, he entered the boarding school of the nearby St. Florian Monastery, where he learned organ, piano, and violin as a choirboy. After graduating from a normal school, he became an assistant teacher in 1841, but also tried his hand at composition, becoming the organist at St. Florian Monastery and in 1856 the organist at Linz Cathedral. After that, he seriously studied composition and became devoted to the music of R. Wagner. From 1864 to 1868, he completed the "Three Great Masses," beginning with "Mass No. 1 in D minor." In 1868, he became a professor at the Vienna Conservatory, and from 1873 he deepened his friendship with Wagner. In 1875, he became a lecturer at the University of Vienna, where he had contact with Mahler, who was a student at the time. His fame as a composer, which had finally begun to grow after his Symphony No. 4 Romantic (premiered in 1881), reached its peak in 1884, when he was 60 years old, with the great success of the premiere of his Symphony No. 7 by Nikisch, bringing him his first glory in life. In 1891, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Vienna. He died at the age of 72, leaving his Symphony No. 9 unfinished. His music was based on his devout Catholic faith, and his unique style was created by fusing the tradition of polyphony, which he was familiar with as a church organist, with the various styles of German and Austrian music since Beethoven. In addition to eleven symphonies (1863-1896), including Symphony No. 0 and one study, he composed many church pieces such as Te Deum (1884) and Psalm No. 150 (1892), as well as a string quintet (1879). → Hanslick / Franz Schmidt → Related topics Takashi Asahina | Christian music | Knappertsbusch | Kreisler | Ninth Symphony | Romanticism

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

オーストリアの作曲家，オルガン奏者。リンツ近くのアンスフェルデンに学校教師の長男として生まれ，村の教会のオルガン奏者を兼ねる父のもとで早くから音楽に親しむ。13歳で父を失ったのち近くのザンクト・フロリアン修道院の寄宿舎に入り，少年聖歌隊員としてオルガンやピアノ，バイオリンを学ぶ。師範学校を経て1841年に助教師となるが作曲にも手を染め，ザンクト・フロリアン修道院のオルガン奏者，1856年にはリンツ大聖堂のオルガン奏者に就任。以後作曲の勉強に本格的にとりくみ，R.ワーグナーの音楽に傾倒。1864年−1868年，《ミサ曲第１番ニ短調》にはじまる〈三大ミサ曲〉を完成。1868年ウィーン音楽院教授に就任し，1873年からはワーグナーと親交を深める。また1875年にはウィーン大学講師となり，学生だったマーラーと交流。《交響曲第４番ロマンティック》（1881年初演）以来ようやく高まり始めた作曲家としての名声は60歳の年，1884年のニキシュによる《交響曲第７番》初演の大成功で頂点を迎え，生涯初の栄光をブルックナーにもたらした。1891年ウィーン大学名誉博士。《交響曲第９番》を未完のまま72歳で永眠。その音楽の基盤には敬虔(けいけん)なカトリック信仰があり，教会オルガン奏者として精通した多声音楽の伝統とベートーベン以来のドイツ，オーストリア音楽の諸様式とが融合し，独自の書法を形づくっている。第０番と習作１曲を含む11曲の交響曲（1863年―1896年）のほか，《テ・デウム》（1884年），《詩篇第150番》（1892年）など多くの教会音楽，《弦楽五重奏曲》（1879年）などがある。→ハンスリック／Franzシュミット
→関連項目朝比奈隆｜キリスト教音楽｜クナッパーツブッシュ｜クライスラー｜第九交響曲｜ロマン主義

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