Nagano Prefecture

Japanese: 長野[県] - ながの

A prefecture in the Chubu region, located in the center of Honshu. The prefectural capital is Nagano City. It has an area of 13,561.56 ^{km2 and} a population of 2,152,449 (2010). [History] Formerly part of Shinano Province. During the Genpei Civil War, Kiso Yoshinaka rose to power, and during the Sengoku period, the Murakami, Takeda, and Uesugi clans competed against each other. During the Edo period, 11 feudal domains were separated. Kiso was under direct control of the shogunate. In 1868, Ina Prefecture was established, and the following year Nakano Prefecture (later Nagano Prefecture) was separated. In 1871, Ina Prefecture, Nakano Prefecture, and 12 other prefectures were established, and in 1876, the entire Shinano region became Nagano Prefecture. It was the site of the 1998 Winter Olympics. In February 2005, Yamaguchi Village in Kiso County was incorporated into Nakatsugawa City, Gifu Prefecture. [Nature] An inland prefecture, it is mountainous and known as the roof of Japan. The Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line runs from the north-northwest to the south-southeast of the prefecture, and to the west of this line are the Hida Mountains (Northern Alps), Kiso Mountains (Central Alps), and Akaishi Mountains (Southern Alps) arranged in a belt from north to south. Between the Hida and Kiso mountain ranges lies the Kiso River valley (Kiso Valley), and between the Kiso and Akaishi mountain ranges lies the Ina Basin (Ina Valley) with the Tenryu River flowing south. On the northern border are Iizuna and Kurohime, and in the eastern part are the Azumaya, Asama, Yatsugatake, and Tateshina volcanic groups, all of which have wide foothills. The Chikuma Mountains in the center separate the Nagano, Ueda, and Saku Basins in the Chikuma River basin from the Matsumoto and Suwa Basins along the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line in the west. It is located in a central highland climate zone with little precipitation, high temperatures in summer, and cold, dry winters. The northern part is a transitional region of the Japan Sea climate zone, with a lot of snow, while the Ina Basin in the south is a milder climate with a gradual transition to a Tokai climate. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 11.4% in the 1st period, 30.8% in the 2nd period, and 57.0% in the 3rd period (2005), with a strong tendency towards agriculture and forestry, but modern industry developed after World War II. There is very little arable land, but each basin has a high rice yield. After World War II, fruit and vegetable cultivation became popular on the mountainside, alluvial fan, and river terraces, replacing mulberry fields, and apples, pears, and grapes are among the highest in the country. Highland vegetable cultivation and dairy farming have developed on the plateau at the foot of the volcano. Specialties include wasabi in the Matsumoto Basin, flowers (persimmons) in the Suwa, Nagano, and Saku Basins, and Kyoho grapes and apricots in the Nagano Basin, but buckwheat cultivation has decreased. One third of the forest land is national forest, and is concentrated in the upper reaches of the Chikuma River, the Kiso Valley, and the Akaishi Mountains; the beautiful cypress forests of Kiso are particularly famous. The silk industry was thriving in the area until before the war, but declined after the war. In 1964, the Matsumoto-Suwa area was designated a new industrial city, and industries such as optical instruments, precision machinery, electrical machinery parts, and communication equipment developed in the Matsumoto and Suwa basins. Other specialties include traditional Suwa miso and agar, Iiyama skis, and Narai lacquerware. The value of manufactured goods shipped was 5.6833 trillion yen (2003), ranking third in the Chubu region after Aichi and Shizuoka. It is a tourist prefecture that boasts beautiful mountains, with four national parks (Chubu Sangaku, Joshinetsu Kogen, Minami Alps, Myoko-Togakushi Renzan), three quasi-national parks (Yatsugatake Chushin Kogen, Tenryu Oku-Mikawa, Myogi Arafune Saku Kogen), hot springs and ski resorts scattered throughout, and many shrines and temples, such as Zenkoji Temple, Matsumoto Castle, and Suwa Taisha Shrine, as well as many historical sites. [Transportation] The Nagano Shinkansen, which opened in 1997 (extended to Kanazawa as the Hokuriku Shinkansen in 2015), the Shinano Railway and National Route 18, which connect the various basins in the Chikuma River basin, the Chuo Main Line and Chuo Expressway, which run from Yamanashi Prefecture through the Suwa region to the Kiso Valley, and National Routes 20 and 19, are the main routes, and the Iiyama Line, Koumi Line, Joshinetsu Expressway, and Chubu-Odan Expressway run to the east, the Iida Line to the south, and the Shinonoi Line, Oito Line, and Nagano Expressway to the north. The Nagano Electric Railway and the Joshinetsu Expressway run through the Nagano Basin. Matsumoto Airport is located at the southern end of Matsumoto City, and construction to convert it to jet air was completed in October 1993, connecting it to Sapporo, Fukuoka, and other cities.
→ Related topics Chubu region | Nagano Olympics (1998)

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Japanese:

本州中央部にある中部地方の県。県庁所在地は長野市。１万3561.56km²。215万2449人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての信濃国にあたる。源平内乱期には木曾義仲が台頭，戦国時代には村上氏，武田氏，上杉氏らの角逐があった。江戸時代には11藩が分立。木曾は幕府直轄地であった。1868年伊那県設置，翌年中野県（のち長野県）を分置，1871年伊那・中野両県のほか12県を設置，1876年信濃全域が長野県となる。1998年冬季オリンピック大会の開催地。2005年２月木曾郡山口村が岐阜県中津川市に編入合併した。〔自然〕　内陸県で，日本の屋根と呼ばれる山岳地帯をなす。県の北北西から南南東にかけて糸魚川(いといがわ)‐静岡構造線が走り，この西側に北から飛騨山脈（北アルプス），木曾山脈（中央アルプス），赤石山脈（南アルプス）が帯状に配列する。飛騨・木曾両山脈の間に木曾川の谷（木曾谷），木曾・赤石両山脈の間には，天竜川が南流する伊那盆地（伊那谷）がある。北境に飯縄(いいづな)，黒姫，東部に四阿(あずまや)，浅間，八ヶ岳，蓼科(たてしな)の火山群があり，いずれも広いすそ野をもつ。中部の筑摩山地が千曲川流域の長野・上田・佐久盆地と，西の糸魚川・静岡構造線に沿う松本・諏訪盆地を分けている。中央高地型の気候区にあり，降水量は少なく，夏は高温，冬は寒冷乾燥。北部は日本海側気候区の漸移地域で雪が多く，南の伊那盆地は東海型気候に漸移して温和。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次11.4％，第２次30.8％，第３次57.0％（2005）で，農林業県の傾向が強いが，第２次大戦後は近代工業が発展。耕地はきわめて少ないが，各盆地では米の反収が多い。山腹，扇状地，河岸段丘ではクワ畑に代わって第２次大戦後果樹，野菜の栽培が盛んとなり，特にリンゴ，ナシ，ブドウは全国有数の収穫量を上げている。火山麓の高原では高冷地野菜栽培と酪農が発達。特産に松本盆地のワサビ，諏訪・長野・佐久盆地の花卉(かき)，長野盆地の巨峰ブドウ，アンズがあるが，ソバの栽培は減少した。林野の３分の１は国有林で，千曲川上流，木曾谷，赤石山脈に多く，特に木曾のヒノキ美林は有名。戦前までは製糸業が発達していたが，戦後は衰退した。1964年松本諏訪地区が新産業都市に指定され，松本盆地，諏訪盆地を中心に光学器械，精密機械，電気機械部品，通信機械などの工業が発展。他に伝統的な諏訪地方のみそ，寒天，飯山のスキー，奈良井の漆器などを特産。製造品出荷額では５兆6833億円（2003）を上げ，中部地方では愛知，静岡に次いで３位である。山岳美を誇る観光県で，中部山岳，上信越高原，南アルプス，妙高戸隠連山の４国立公園，八ヶ岳中信高原，天竜奥三河，妙義荒船佐久高原の３国定公園があり，温泉，スキー場が各地に散在，善光寺，松本城，諏訪大社など社寺，史跡も多い。〔交通〕　1997年に開通した長野新幹線（2015年には北陸新幹線として金沢へ延伸），千曲川流域の各盆地を結ぶしなの鉄道と国道18号線，山梨県から諏訪地方を経て木曾谷に通じる中央本線と中央自動車道，国道20，19号線を幹線とし，東部に飯山線，小海線，上信越自動車道，中部横断自動車道，南部に飯田線，北部に篠ノ井線，大糸線，長野自動車道が通じる。また長野盆地を中心に長野電鉄，上信越自動車道が通じる。松本市南端に松本空港があり，1993年10月ジェット化のための工事が完了し，札幌，福岡などと結ばれる。
→関連項目中部地方｜長野オリンピック（1998年）

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