… When A is positive, it is called the growth rate, and as time passes, the population or number of individuals continues to grow indefinitely. The next model was proposed by PF Verhulst in 1838 as a model of population growth in the United States, and can be written as du / dt = (ε - hu ) u , where ε and h are positive constants. For this model, the solution starting from a positive initial value u (0) is an S-shaped curve that approaches a constant value ε/ h as time t increases to infinity. … From [Density effect]…In 1830, MTSadler (1780-1835) was the first to show that as population increases, the growth rate declines, suggesting the existence of density-dependent factors that suppress population growth. Belgian mathematician PFVerhulst (1804-49) then showed that population growth follows an S-shaped (sigmoid) curve, formulating it and naming it the logistic curve in 1845. Separately, R.Pearl (1879-1940), who discovered the logistic equation while investigating population growth rates in the United States, attempted to verify it in experimental populations, and in 1922, together with SLParker (1895-?), showed that as population density increased, Drosophila melanogaster caused a decrease in egg production and an increase in mortality, resulting in a logistic curve for population growth. … *Some of the terminology references "Verhulst, PF" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…Aは正のとき増殖率と呼ばれ,時間がたてば人口または個体数は無限に増えつづける。つぎに出たモデルはベルハルストP.F.Verhulstが1838年に,アメリカの人口増加のモデルとして提案したもので,ε,hを正の定数とすればdu/dt=(ε-hu)uと書かれる。このモデルについては,正の初期値u(0)から出発した解は,時間tが無限にふえたときに一定値ε/hに近づくS字形の曲線となる。… 【密度効果】より…それに対してサドラーM.T.Sadler(1780‐1835)は,1830年に,人口が増すにつれ増加率は逆に低下することを初めて明らかにし,人口の増加を抑制する密度依存的要因の存在を示唆した。続いて,ベルギーの数学者フェルフルストP.F.Verhulst(1804‐49)が,人口増加はS字型(シグモイド)曲線を描くことを示して定式化し,1845年にそれをロジスティック曲線と名づけた。 これとは別に,アメリカにおける人口増加率を調べる過程でロジスティック式を見いだしたパールR.Pearl(1879‐1940)は,実験個体群での検証を試み,1922年に個体群密度が増加するにつれてキイロショウジョウバエが産卵数の減少と死亡率の増加を引き起こし,結果的に個体群増加はロジスティック曲線を描くことをパーカーS.L.Parker(1895‐?)とともに明らかにした。… ※「Verhulst,P.F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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