Oriental Liberal Party - Toyo Jiyuto

A political party founded on November 6, 1892 (Meiji 25) by Oi Kentaro. Oi, a central figure in the Liberal Party's parliamentary group, opposed the Liberal Party's compromise with the government and the transformation of the party organization into a parliamentary dictatorship, and founded a non-political organization within the party, the Oriental Club, in May 1891. However, unable to achieve his goal, he left the party on June 28, 1892, and in November founded the Oriental Liberal Party, advocating French-style radical liberalism. At the core of the party were Oi, Arai Shogo, Kokubo Kishichi, Tarui Tokichi, and others, and they held four seats in the 4th and 5th Diets, and their platform included the establishment of a constitutional representative system, a tough foreign policy to promote national sovereignty, and the protection of the working poor. They established the Association for the Promotion of Universal Suffrage, the Japan Labor Association, and the Tenant Ordinance Research Committee within the party, and also published the organ newspaper, "Shin Toyo." All of these were groundbreaking undertakings, but when the issue of treaty revision arose in 1893, they formed the Great Japan Association with the National Association, the Kumamoto National Power Party, and the Fukuoka Genyosha, and opposed mixed residence in the mainland, and the party was dissolved in December.

[Takaaki Ikai]

"The Biography of Kentaro Oi, Masahiro Masahiro, by Yoshitaro Hirano (1938, Masahiro Masahiro Biography Editorial Department, Reprint Edition, 1968, Fumaisha)" ▽ "The History of Japanese Political Parties, Volume 2, by Junnosuke Masumi (1966, University of Tokyo Press)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1892年（明治25）11月6日大井憲太郎(けんたろう)を中心に結成された政党。自由党院外団の中心人物大井は、自由党が政府と妥協し、党組織が議員団専制体制へと変質していくのに反対して、91年5月党内に非政社団体「東洋倶楽部(くらぶ)」を設立した。しかし意を果たせず、翌92年6月28日脱党し、11月フランス流の急進自由主義を唱えて東洋自由党を結成した。中心には大井のほか新井章吾(あらいしょうご)、小久保喜七(こくぼきしち)、樽井藤吉(たるいとうきち)らがおり、第四・第五議会で四議席を占め、綱領に立憲代議制の確立、国権発揚のための対外硬、労働者貧民の保護を掲げ、党内に普通選挙期成同盟会、日本労働協会、小作条例調査会を設置し、また機関紙『新東洋』を発刊した。いずれも画期的な事業であったが、93年条約改正問題がおこると、国民協会、熊本国権党、福岡玄洋社などと大日本協会を設立して内地雑居に反対し、12月解党した。

［猪飼隆明］

『平野義太郎著『馬城大井憲太郎伝』（1938・大井馬城伝編纂部／復刻版・1968・風媒社）』▽『升味準之輔著『日本政党史論　第二巻』（1966・東京大学出版会）』

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