An instrument for measuring DC or AC power. Electrodynamometer-type instruments are the most widely used. Electrodynamometer-type instruments use the interaction between two air-core coils, one fixed and the other movable, but in the case of a wattmeter, a current is passed through the fixed coil, and a voltage is applied to the movable coil via a high resistance connected in series, causing a small current proportional to the voltage to pass through. The torque generated in the movable coil is proportional to the product of the instantaneous values of the currents flowing through these two coils, and is ultimately proportional to the product of the applied current and voltage, so the applied power can be measured. Digital wattmeters are also used to measure AC power. There are two types of digital wattmeters: those that multiply the voltage and current signals using a multiplier to obtain a signal proportional to the power, which is then digitized and displayed, and those that digitize the voltage and current signals using an analog-to-digital converter, calculate the power using a computer, and display it digitally. The most commonly used type of digital wattmeter is the time-division multiplication (pulse width modulation) type, whose principle is that the instantaneous value of voltage is converted to time, and the total amount of current flowing within that time is the product of time and instantaneous current, and is therefore proportional to instantaneous power. [Yamazaki Shukai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
直流あるいは交流の電力を測定する計器。電流力計型計器がもっとも多く利用されている。電流力計型計器は、一方が固定で他方が可動の二つの空心コイルの相互作用を利用しているが、電力計の場合は、その固定コイルに電流を流し、可動コイルには高抵抗を直列接続して電圧を印加し、電圧に比例した小電流を流すようになっている。可動コイルに発生するトルクは、これら二つのコイルに流れる電流の瞬時値の積に比例し、結局印加された電流と電圧の積に比例するので、印加電力が測定できることになる。 交流電力の測定にはデジタル電力計も用いられている。この計器には、乗算器によって電圧および電流信号を乗算し、電力に比例した信号を得てデジタル化して表示する方式のものと、電圧・電流信号をアナログ・デジタル変換器によってデジタル化し、コンピュータによって電力を計算し、デジタル表示する方式とがある。前者の方式でもっとも多く用いられているのは時分割乗算(パルス幅変調)方式で、その原理は、電圧の瞬時値を時間に変換し、その時間内に流れる電流の総量が時間と瞬時電流の積になること、したがって瞬時電力に比例することに基づいている。 [山崎修快] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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