An Islamic mosque and university in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 970. Construction began the year after the Fatimid dynasty conquered Egypt, and was completed in 972. It was originally a Shiite mosque, but became a Sunni mosque with the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty, and also functioned as an educational and research institution from this time. The main subjects taught were theology, law, folklore, linguistics, and rhetoric, but from the late 19th century, modern reforms were carried out by Muhammad Abduh and others. It was expanded and reorganized in 1961, and remains a central place for Islamic studies today, attracting many Muslims from all over the world to live a life of faith and study. In addition to the faculties of Islamic theology, Islamic law, Arabic studies, engineering, medicine, commerce, agriculture, and languages, it also has an Islamic women's college. The arcade around the courtyard was rebuilt in the 12th century, and the entire building was frequently expanded and remodeled until the 19th century. The influence of the Ibn Tulun Mosque can be seen in the stucco decorations, capitals, and four-core arches. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エジプトのカイロにあるイスラム教のモスクおよび大学。970年創設。ファーティマ朝がエジプトを征服した翌年に建設が始まり,972年に完成した。最初はシーア派のモスクであったが,アイユーブ朝の成立によってスンニー派のモスクとなり,またこの頃から教育,研究機関としての機能も備えるようになった。おもな教育科目は神学,法学,伝承学,言語学,修辞学であったが,19世紀後半からムハンマド・アブドゥフらによって近代的な改革が施された。1961年に拡張,再編成が行なわれ,今日でもイスラム研究の中心的な存在であり,世界各地から数多くのイスラム教徒が集まり信仰と勉学の生活を送っている。イスラム神学,イスラム法,アラビア研究,工学,医学,商学,農学,言語などの学部に加え,イスラム女子カレッジを有する。中庭をめぐるアーケードは 12世紀の再建で,全体的に 19世紀にいたるまでたびたび増改築されている。スタッコによる装飾,柱頭,四芯アーチなどにイブン・トゥールーン・モスクの影響がみられる。
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