A general term for wind instruments that produce sound by vibrating the lips. Most are made of brass, but some are not. They can be broadly divided into horn-type instruments and trumpet-type instruments, but they have the same origin and are not an absolute classification. Horn-type instruments were developed based on the conical tube of a horn, and produce a soft sound with few overtones. However, today, cylindrical tubes are used quite a bit due to the need for complex structures for operation. Trumpet-type instruments are largely made up of cylindrical tubes, and produce a bright sound with many overtones. In both types, the thickness of the tube and the shape of the bell and mouthpiece also affect the tone. In order to obtain pitches other than those in the harmonic series with brass instruments, many nowadays use a valve device to change the tube length by passing air through a bypass tube, but trombones usually use a slide-type device that allows the tube length to be changed. [Maekawa Haruhisa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
唇の振動を用いて発音される管楽器の総称。ほとんど真鍮(しんちゅう)でつくられるが、金属製でないものもある。ホルン系の楽器とトランペット系の楽器とに大別できるが、起源は同一であり、絶対的な分類ではない。ホルン系の楽器は、角笛(つのぶえ)の円錐(えんすい)管を基本として発達してきたもので、倍音が少なく柔らかい音が出る。ただし今日では、操作上複雑な構造をもたせる必要から、円筒管がかなり使われている。トランペット系の楽器は、円筒管の占める割合が大きく、倍音の多い明るい音が出る。両系とも、管の太さ、ベルやマウスピースの形状も音色に影響している。金管楽器で倍音列に属する音以外の音高を得るためには、現在では、バルブ装置で迂回(うかい)管に空気を通すことによって管長を変えるものが多いが、トロンボーンはスライド式に管長を変えられるものを用いるのが通例である。 [前川陽郁] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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