Emperor Tsuchimikado

Japanese: 土御門天皇 - つちみかどてんのう

Year of death: 11th October 1231 (6th November 1231)
Year of birth: Kenkyu 6.11.1 (1195.12.4)
An emperor in the early Kamakura period. His name was Tamehito. He was the first son of Emperor Gotoba. His mother was the daughter of Minister of the Interior Minamoto no Michichika (actually the daughter of the Minister of the Interior Noen), named Jomyōmon'in. His birthday is said to be December 2nd. He ascended to the throne at the age of four in January 1198, and ruled for 13 years until November 1210, when he handed over the throne to his half-brother, Prince Morinari (Emperor Juntoku). His abdication was ordered by his father, the retired Emperor Gotoba, who especially favored Morinari, and it is said that the 16-year-old Emperor Tsuchimikado harboured a grudge against his father. Due to these circumstances surrounding his abdication, he was not directly involved in Emperor Gotoba's plans to overthrow the shogunate during the Jōkyū War (1221), and was not mentioned by the shogunate after the war. However, upon hearing that his father had been exiled, he felt that remaining alone in the capital was unfilial, and in the intercalary October of the same year, he applied to the shogunate himself and was exiled to Tosa Province. He later moved to Awa Province, where he died. He excelled in waka poetry, and wrote "Tsuchimikado-in Gohyakushu" and "Tsuchimikado-in Goshu".

(Megumi Tsuchitani)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：寛喜3.10.11(1231.11.6)
生年：建久6.11.1(1195.12.4)
鎌倉初期の天皇。名は為仁。後鳥羽天皇の第1皇子。母は内大臣源通親の娘(実は法印能円の娘)の在子(承明門院)。誕生日は12月2日説もある。建久9(1198)年1月に4歳で皇位につき,承元4(1210)年11月,異母弟の守成親王(順徳天皇)に譲るまで13年間皇位にあった。その譲位は守成をことに寵愛した父の後鳥羽上皇の命によるもので,16歳の土御門天皇は父に遺恨を残したと伝える。こうした譲位の事情もあって,承久の乱(1221)では後鳥羽上皇の倒幕計画に直接にかかわらず,乱後幕府からの沙汰もなかったが,父上皇の配流を聞き,ひとり都に残ることを親不孝として,同年閏10月,自ら幕府に申請して土佐国に配流となった。のちに阿波国に移り,同国で没。和歌にすぐれ,『土御門院御百首』『土御門院御集』などがある。<参考文献>『承久記』

(土谷恵)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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