Norita - Joden

Japanese: 乗田 - じょうでん
Norita - Joden

Under the land system of the Ritsuryo system, the term "public fields" refers to the fields remaining after the allocation of kubunden, iden, and shikiden (job fields), and is the basis of the term "public fields" in the Ritsuryo system. Therefore, nori fields were reserve fields when manipulating the allocated fields such as kubunden, and played a coordinating role in the operation of the land allocation system. According to the provisions of the Yoro Code, the public fields (nori fields) in each province were managed as rent (leasing of fields) under the responsibility of the kokushi, who collected land tax (2/10 of the rice harvest) and sent it to the Daijokan in the center, and the Daijokan was to use the public fields and land tax for miscellaneous tasks within the Daijokan. The kokushi was responsible for the rent, but the profits did not belong to the kokushi, which is a distinctive feature of nori field management.

[Koichi Murayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

律令制(りつりょうせい)的土地制度のもとにおいて、口分田(くぶんでん)、位田(いでん)、職田(しきでん)(職分田)などを班給して残った田のことで、律令用語としての公田の根幹をなすものであった。それゆえに乗田は、口分田などの班給田を操作する場合の予備田であり、班田収授制の運営において調整的な役割を担うものであった。養老令(ようろうりょう)の規定によると、諸国の公田=乗田は国司の責任管理のもとに賃租経営(田地の賃貸借)を行い、地子(じし)(穫稲の10分の2)を徴収してこれを中央の太政官(だいじょうかん)に送り、太政官はこの公田地子をもって太政官内の雑用にあてることになっていた。賃租の責任は国司にありながら、その収益は国司のものにならなかったところに乗田経営の特色がある。

[村山光一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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