Tea Ceremony - Chakai

A general term for gatherings centered around drinking tea. There are currently two ways of thinking about tea ceremonies. One is the tea ceremony commonly known as chaji, which began after the establishment of the tea ceremony by Sen no Rikyu, where kaiseki and nakadachi are served in the front seating, and koicha and usucha are served in the back seating. The other is a modern-style tea ceremony where dim sum is served in addition to usucha and koicha. The word chakai appears in a line by the Tang Dynasty poet Qian Qi, and was a tea-drinking gathering enjoyed among literati. In Japan, Zen temple tea ceremonies, which were based on the tea ceremonies of the Song Dynasty Zen temples, arose in the Kamakura period, and their origins can be found in the book "Kissa Orai," written by Gen'ei Hoin of the Northern and Southern Courts. After that, tea-fighting parties known as "chayoriai" (tea gatherings) became popular, and after the era of the meeting hall, formal meetings in shoin-style buildings were born, and the soan tea ceremony was invented by Murata Juko, which helped to popularize it among the common people. The spirit of unity and cooperation, based on the idea of ​​a once-in-a-lifetime encounter, and the founding of a troupe, was upheld, and records of tea ceremonies began to be preserved, such as the "Matsuya-kaiki" (Matsuya-kaiki) by Matsuya, a lacquer artist from Nara, and the "Tennojiya-kaiki" (Tennoji-ya-kaiki) by Tsuda Sotatsu and Sokyu, wealthy merchants from Sakai.

[Kouichi Tsutsui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

飲茶(いんちゃ)を中心とした会の総称。茶会という場合、現在二つのとらえ方がある。一つは、千利休(せんのりきゅう)による茶道成立後、前席で懐石(かいせき)、中立(なかだち)があり後席で濃茶(こいちゃ)と薄茶(うすちゃ)を喫するという、茶事の名で通称される茶会、一つは、薄茶や濃茶の席に点心(てんしん)がついた現代風の茶会である。茶会の語は唐代の詩人銭起(せんき)の詩句にみえ、文人の間でたしなまれた喫茶の会のことであった。日本では宋(そう)代禅院での茶礼が規準となった禅院茶礼が鎌倉時代におこり、南北朝の玄恵(げんえ)法印作とされる『喫茶往来』にその源流がみられた。その後「茶寄合(ちゃよりあい)」としての闘茶(とうちゃ)会が流行し、会所の時代を経て書院風建築の中での式法の整った会が生まれ、村田珠光(じゅこう)による草庵(そうあん)茶が創案されて庶民への浸透が図られた。一期一会(いちごいちえ)を観念とした一味同心、一座建立の精神が掲揚され、奈良の塗師(ぬし)松屋による『松屋会記』、堺(さかい)の豪商津田宗達(そうたつ)・宗及(そうきゅう)による『天王寺屋(てんのうじや)会記』などの茶会記録が残されるようになった。

［筒井紘一］

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