It is one of the marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean east of China. It is surrounded by mainland China to the north and west, and the Korean Peninsula to the east. It connects to the East China Sea to the south, and the boundary between the two seas is a line that runs from the northern mouth of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) to the southwest coast of Jeju Island in Korea. It also connects to the Bohai Sea to the northwest, and the border runs from Laotieshanjiao at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, through the Miaodao Islands in the Bohai Strait, to Penglaijiao at the northern tip of the Shandong Peninsula. It is a shallow sea with an area of about 400,000 square kilometers and an average depth of about 44 meters. The seawater is yellow due to the large amount of suspended mud carried by the Yellow River and other rivers. It is called the Yellow Sea for this reason, and has low transparency. The Yellow Sea is also sometimes divided into two parts, north and south, by a line connecting Chengshankaku on the Shandong Peninsula and Changsangok on the Korean Peninsula, but the southern part is relatively more susceptible to the influence of the open ocean, while the northern part tends to be a closed sea area. As it is a shallow sea, the surface water temperature is easily affected by climate change, ranging from 2°C to 8°C in winter and about 28°C in summer. Most of the Yellow Sea is influenced by the Yellow Sea Warm Current, which is a branch of the Tsushima Current, but the salinity of the Chinese coast is low and there are large seasonal changes. There is a cold water mass on the relatively deep seabed in the northern part, even in summer, which affects the ecology of fish. The main fishery resources include sea bass, yellow croaker, hairtail, squid, and shrimp, and the flat sandy, muddy seabed makes it a good fishing ground for bottom trawl net fishing. In addition to fishing boats from China, North Korea, and South Korea, Japanese fishing boats also go out to the sea based on the Japan-China Fisheries Agreement. The main fishing ports on the Chinese side are Dalian, Weihai, Shidao, Qingdao, Shiqiao (Rizhao, Shandong Province), and Lianyungang. Shallow water aquaculture is also popular along the coast, where seaweed such as kelp and nori, oysters, mussels, and shrimp are cultivated. The tidal range is relatively large, and salt production is also thriving. The Yellow Sea has been actively used since ancient times as a maritime route connecting China, Korea, and Japan. Coastal shipping routes are still well developed, and there are many international trade ports, such as Dalian, Qingdao, Lianyungang, and Incheon. The port of Ishigaki is the shipping port for coal from Shandong and Eastern Shanxi, China, bound for Japan and other countries. [Kono Michihiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国東方にある太平洋の縁海の一つ。北と西は中国本土、東は朝鮮半島に囲まれている。南は東シナ海と接続し、両海の境界は長江(ちょうこう/チャンチヤン)(揚子江(ようすこう/ヤンツーチヤン))河口部北側と韓国の済州島(さいしゅうとう/チェジュド)南西岸を見通した線である。また北西は渤海(ぼっかい/ポーハイ)と連なり、その境界は遼東(りょうとう/リヤオトン)半島南端の老鉄山角(ろうてつざんかく)から渤海海峡上に浮かぶ廟島(びょうとう/ミヤオタオ)群島を経て山東(さんとう/シャントン)半島北端の蓬莱角(ほうらいかく)に達する線である。面積約40万平方キロメートル、平均水深は約44メートルの浅海である。黄河(こうが/ホワンホー)をはじめとする諸河川の運び込む大量の微泥が浮遊し、懸濁しているため海水は黄色を呈する。そのため黄海とよばれ、透明度が低い。また黄海は、山東半島の成山角(せいざんかく)と朝鮮半島の長山串(ちょうざんかん/チャンサンコッ)を結ぶ線で南北の二つの部分に大別されることもあるが、南部は比較的外洋の影響を受けやすく、北部は閉鎖海域としての傾向が強い。浅海なので表面水温は気候変化の影響によって変動しやすく、冬は2℃~8℃、夏は28℃程度である。また黄海の大部分は対馬(つしま)海流が分岐する黄海暖流の影響を受けるが、中国沿岸部は塩分濃度が低く、季節的変化も大きい。北部の比較的深い海底には夏も冷水塊があり、魚類の生態に影響している。主要水産資源としてはフウセイ、キグチ、タチウオ、イカ、タイショウエビなどがあげられ、砂泥質の平坦(へいたん)な海底面なので、底引網の好漁場である。中国、北朝鮮、韓国の漁船のほか、日中漁業協定に基づき日本の漁船も出漁している。中国側の主要漁港としては、大連(だいれん/ターリエン)、威海(いかい/ウェイハイ)、石島(せきとう)、青島(チンタオ)、石臼所(せききゅうしょ/シーチウスオ)(山東省日照市)、連雲港(れんうんこう/リエンユンカン)などがある。また沿岸部では浅海養殖が盛んで、コンブ、ノリなどの海藻やカキ、イガイ、クルマエビなどが養殖される。また潮位差が比較的大きく、製塩も盛んである。黄海は中国、朝鮮、日本を結ぶ海上交通路として古代以来盛んに利用されてきた。現在も沿岸航路が発達し、大連、青島、連雲港、仁川(じんせん/インチョン)など多くの国際貿易港がある。石臼所港は、中国の山東炭と山西東部の石炭の日本などへの積出し港である。 [河野通博] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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