Marcel Breuer

Japanese: ブロイヤー - ぶろいやー(英語表記)Marcel Breuer
Marcel Breuer

Hungarian-born American architect and furniture designer. Born in Becs. He went to Germany and studied at the Bauhaus in Dessau as part of the first class (1920-25). He became a teacher there and spent the rest of his life with Gropius. He was in charge of furniture design at the Bauhaus, and came up with the famous series of chairs made from steel pipes and moulded plywood. In 1928 he left Dessau for Berlin and opened an architectural studio, but with the rise of the Nazis he fled to London. In 1937 he was invited by Gropius to travel to the US and teach under him at the Department of Architecture at Harvard University. In 1946 he moved to New York, where he became internationally renowned as a representative of modern design, including his tendency to use structural frameworks as the basis for architectural expression. He died in New York. His major designs include the UNESCO Headquarters in Paris (1957, in collaboration with Nervi and Seerfuss), St. John's Church in Collegeville, Minnesota (1961), New York University (1961), and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York (1966).

[Kenshiro Takami]

[References] | Bauhaus

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ハンガリー出身のアメリカの建築家、家具デザイナー。ベッチに生まれる。ドイツに出てデッサウのバウハウスの第一期生(1920~25)として学ぶ。そこで教師となり、以後グロピウスと生涯の行をほぼともにする。バウハウスでは家具デザインを担当し、鋼パイプや成型合板による有名な一連の椅子(いす)を考案。1928年デッサウからベルリンに行き、設計事務所を開くが、ナチスの台頭でロンドンに亡命、37年グロピウスによばれて渡米、彼の下でハーバード大学建築科で教鞭(きょうべん)をとった。46年ニューヨークに進出、構造躯体(くたい)を建築の表現基盤とする傾向など、近代デザインを代表する存在として国際的になる。ニューヨークに没。主要設計にパリのユネスコ本部(1957、ネルビ、ゼールフュスと共同)、ミネソタ州カレッジビルのセント・ジョン教会(1961)、ニューヨーク大学(1961)、ニューヨークのホイットニー美術館(1966)などがある。

[高見堅志郎]

[参照項目] | バウハウス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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