Cecil, William, 1st Baron Burghley

Japanese: セシル（英語表記）Cecil， William， 1st Baron Burghley

Born 13 September 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire
[Died] August 4, 1598, London. British politician. Queen Elizabeth I's greatest servant. De facto ancestor of the Cecil family. Born into the small gentry. Studied at Cambridge University and law school. From 1547 he became a member of the House of Commons and secretary to the Regent, Duke of Somerset, but was briefly imprisoned after Somerset's downfall. In 1550, he was recognized by the Duke of Northumberland and became Secretary of State. During the reign of Mary I, he was again dismissed from office, but was appointed First Minister when Elizabeth I ascended to the throne in 1558, and was created Baron Burghley in 1571. The following year, he became Lord Treasurer. He served the Queen well for 40 years, taking a middle path against attacks by Catholics and Puritans, establishing the Anglican Church, thwarting repeated plots to support Mary Stuart, and dealing with the attacks of the Spanish Armada.

Cecil
Cecil of Chelwood, (Edgar Algernon) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount

Born: September 14, 1864, London
[Died] November 24, 1958. Tunbridge Wells, Kent. British politician. Third son of the 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. Graduated from Oxford University after attending Eton College. In 1906 he was a Conservative Member of Parliament. During World War I he was leader of the Unionist Party (as the Conservative Party was renamed). From 1915 to 1918 he was Acting Foreign Secretary and Minister for Blockade, and at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 he drafted the Covenant of the League of Nations together with former Foreign Secretary E. Grey and South African Prime Minister JC Smuts, and in 1920 he represented South Africa at the First General Assembly of the League of Nations. In 1923 he was Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in S. Baldwin's cabinet, and from 1924 to 1927 he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He served as Britain's Chief Delegate to the Geneva Disarmament Conference from 1926 to 1927. He was an ardent supporter of the League of Nations, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937.

Cecil
Cecil, Lord (Edward Christian) David

Born: April 9, 1902, London
[Died] January 1, 1986. Cranborne British critic. Born into a marquis family, he graduated from Oxford University. He was professor of English literature at the same university from 1948 to 1970. His debut work, The Stricken Deer (1929), was a critical biography of the 18th century poet W. Cooper, and was widely acclaimed as a masterpiece. His other works include Early Victorian Novelists (34), Jane Austen (35), and Hardy, the Novelist (43).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1520.9.13. リンカーンシャー，ボーン
[没]1598.8.4. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。女王エリザベス1世の最大の功臣。セシル家の事実上の家祖。小ジェントリーの出身。ケンブリッジ大学と法学院に学び，1547年以降下院議員，摂政サマセット (公)の秘書になったがその失脚により一時投獄された。 50年ノーサンバーランド (公)に認められ，国務大臣。メアリー1世治世には再び官を追われたが，58年エリザベス1世の即位とともに首席大臣に任じられ，71年にはバーリー男爵に叙爵，翌年大蔵総裁となった。旧教徒と清教徒の攻撃に対抗し，中道をとってアングリカン・チャーチを確立させ，メアリー・スチュアートを擁立しようとするたびたびの陰謀をくじき，スペイン無敵艦隊の襲撃に対処するなど，40年間よく女王に仕えた。

セシル
Cecil of Chelwood，(Edgar Algernon) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil， 1st Viscount

[生]1864.9.14. ロンドン
[没]1958.11.24. ケント，タンブリッジウェルズ
イギリスの政治家。第3代ソールズベリ侯爵の3男。イートン校を経てオックスフォード大学卒業。 1906年保守党下院議員。第1次世界大戦中は統一党 (保守党が改称) の指導者。 15～18年外相代理兼封鎖担当相，19年のパリ講和会議では前外相 E.グレー，南ア連邦の J.C.スマッツ首相とともに国際連盟規約の草案を作成，20年国際連盟の第1回総会には南ア連邦代表として出席した。 23年 S.ボールドウィン内閣の国璽尚書，24～27年ランカスター公領相。 26～27年ジュネーブ軍縮会議のイギリス首席代表をつとめた。国際連盟の熱心な支持者で，37年ノーベル平和賞を受賞。

セシル
Cecil， Lord (Edward Christian) David

[生]1902.4.9. ロンドン
[没]1986.1.1. クランボーン
イギリスの批評家。侯爵家に生れ，オックスフォード大学卒業。 1948～70年同大学英文学教授。処女作『撃たれた鹿』 The Stricken Deer (1929) は，18世紀の詩人 W.クーパーの評伝で，名著として世評が高かった。その他『初期ビクトリア朝小説家論』 Early Victorian Novelists (34) ，『ジェーン・オースティン』 Jane Austen (35) ，『小説家ハーディ』 Hardy，the Novelist (43) など。

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