Seal forgery

...The Kojikata Osadamegaki (established in 1742) stipulated that "temporary tales" (ordinary, immediate theft) were punishable by death for stealing 10 ryo or more, and by beating with tattoos for stealing less than that, and that those who committed acts against the government, those who planned the theft, or those who conspired with others were punishable by death for stealing 1 ryo or more, and that habitual thefts were punishable by hanging, regardless of the value of the stolen property. Methods of "counterfeiting" sometimes involved the forgery or alteration of certain objects, or the use of such items, or the misrepresentation of official position or status, and the "Kujikata Osadamegaki" (Public Affairs Bureau) stipulates that "conspiracy to conspire and be executed" (forgery of documents and seals) would be paraded and executed, "fake gold and silver" (counterfeit currency) would be paraded and executed and crucified, "fake scales and measure" would be paraded and executed, "fake vermilion ink" would be confiscated and forfeited, "fake medicine" would be paraded and executed and executed, "fake servants" (falsely using official names, etc.) would be punished by death, "fake landlords" who formed groups of five to file a lawsuit would be beaten, and those who changed their names and accepted servants' requests would be exiled ten ri or more from Edo. In addition, those involved in "double pawning" or "double writing" of real estate were punished with exile, and those who "double-sold" goods were punished with the death penalty for those who paid more than 10 ryo, or with tattooing for those who paid less, on a par with the crime of theft. Those who performed new Shinto or Buddhist ceremonies or attracted people by talking about "strange and bizarre things" were punished with banishment from their hometowns or from Edo, and "teme gambling" (fraudulent gambling) was punished more severely than regular gambling, with those exiled to remote islands.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "seal forgery" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…《公事方御定書》(1742制定)では，〈当座のかたり〉(通常の，その場かぎりのもの)は盗罪に準じて贓物（ぞうぶつ）10両以上を死罪，未満を入墨敲（たたき）とし，公儀に対するものや計画的なもの，仲間を誘い共謀して行ったものについては同1両以上を死罪，また常習的なものは贓物の高にかかわらず獄門としている。〈かたり〉の手段として一定の物の偽造･変造やその行使，官職･身分の詐称等をともなうことがあるが，《公事方御定書》には，〈謀書謀判〉(文書偽造，印章偽造)は引回しのうえ獄門，〈似せ金銀〉(通貨偽造)は引回しのうえ磔（はりつけ），〈似せ秤，似せ桝〉は引回しのうえ獄門，〈似せ朱墨〉は家財取上げ所払，〈似せ薬種〉は引回しのうえ死罪，〈似せ役〉(官名等の詐称)は死罪，〈似せ家主，五人組〉をつくって出訴するものは敲（たたき），名を替えて奉公人の請（うけ）に立つものは江戸十里四方追放などとする規定がみえる。そのほか不動産の〈二重質･二重書入（かきいれ）〉は関係者それぞれに中追放等を科し，商品の〈二重売〉は盗罪に準じて代金10両以上を死罪，未満を入墨敲とし，また新規の神事･仏事を行ったり，〈奇怪異説〉を触れて人を集めるものは所払や江戸払等に処し，〈手目（てめ）博奕〉(詐欺賭博)も通常の博奕より重く遠島とされている。…

※「印章偽造」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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