Born: July 8, 1836, London
[Died] July 2, 1914, London. British politician. After working in his father's office in the family business (shoe manufacturing), he became a successful businessman with a screw manufacturing company. In 1869, he became a member of the Birmingham City Council as a Liberal Party member. He was Mayor of Birmingham from 1873 to 1876. During that time, he presided over the Birmingham Board of Sanitary Officers, and implemented measures such as municipalizing gas and water, clearing slums, and building parks, free libraries, and art galleries, becoming a pioneer of the modern movement for systematically improving urban life. In 1876, he was elected to the House of Commons, and, together with J. Bright, he belonged to the left wing of the Liberal Party and worked hard to reorganize it. In 1880, he was Lord President of the Board of Trade in the second Gladstone government. In 1886, he was Lord President of the Board of Local Government in the third Gladstone government. In March of the same year, he resigned in opposition to the submission of the Irish Home Rule Bill, and in June, the bill was successfully defeated. In 1888, he formed the Liberal Unionist party. He was Secretary of State for Colonial Affairs in the Third Salisbury Cabinet. In 1902, he advocated the need to establish an Imperial system of preferential tariffs. In the same year, he visited the Transvaal Republic in South Africa and worked hard to achieve ethnic reconciliation with the Boers. In 1903, he resigned due to disagreements with the government's policy on preferential tariffs on grain imports from colonies and dominions. He campaigned around the country until 1906, attacking the government's trade and tariff policies, and in the general election of the same year, he inflicted a crushing defeat on the Unionist Party led by Prime Minister A. Balfour, splitting the party. He later fell ill and retired from political activity. Even after entering central politics, he continued to work hard for the development of Birmingham, founding the University of Birmingham and becoming its chancellor in 1900. Chamberlain
Chamberlain, Wilt Born: August 21, 1936 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[Died] October 12, 1999. Los Angeles, California. American basketball player. Full name Wilton Norman Chamberlain. Regarded as one of the best offensive players in NBA history. He played at Overbrook High School in Philadelphia and was scouted by over 100 universities. After playing two years at the University of Kansas, he played one year for the Harlem Globetrotters, a show basketball team. In 1959, he joined the NBA and played for the Philadelphia Warriors (which changed its name to the San Francisco Warriors when the team moved in 1962) until 1965. He played for the Philadelphia 76ers from 1965 to 1968, then moved to the Los Angeles Lakers, where he finished his career in 1973. He scored 31,419 points in his career. In 1962, he scored 100 points against the New York Knicks in Hershey, Pennsylvania, the most points scored in a single game in professional basketball history. In the 1961-62 season, he scored 4,029 points, averaging 50.4 points per game, making him the first player in the NBA to score 4,000 or more points in a season. He also held the distinction of never being ejected from an NBA game for a foul. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1978. Chamberlain
Chamberlain, Sir (Joseph) Austen Born October 16, 1863 in Birmingham
[Died] March 16, 1937. London. British politician. Eldest son of Joseph Chamberlain. Half-brother of N. Chamberlain. Graduated from Cambridge University. Elected to the House of Commons in 1892. Initially a member of the Liberal Unionist Party, he later switched to the Conservative Party. He served as Under Secretary to the Exchequer in the Salisbury Cabinet from 1900 to 1902, and was Postmaster General in the A. Balfour Cabinet from 1902 to 1903. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1903 to 1905. He played a role as a bridge between his father, who had resigned as Secretary of State for Colonization, and Prime Minister Balfour, and after becoming the opposition, he supported tariff reform. In May 1915, he was Secretary of State for India with H. Asquith's coalition cabinet. In April 1918, he became a cabinet member in the Lloyd George Cabinet, and was Chancellor of the Exchequer from January 1919 to 1921. He was Leader of the Conservative Party from March 1921 to October 1922. During this time, he signed the Treaty to End the War with Ireland (December 1921). He served as Foreign Secretary in the second Baldwin Cabinet from November 1924 to 1929. In October 1925, he was instrumental in the conclusion of the Locarno Treaty, and in the same year was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize along with C. Dawes. He supported the League of Nations, and contributed to Germany's accession to the League in 1926. In August 1931, he became Secretary of State for the Navy in the R. MacDonald National Cabinet, but soon resigned. Chamberlain
Chamberlain, Basil Hall Born: October 18, 1850, Portsmouth
[Died] February 15, 1935. Geneva. British Japanologist. He wrote his name as Chamblain. His pen name was Odo. He came to Japan in 1873. In 1886 he became a professor at the Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo) where he lectured on linguistics, and in 1891 he became an honorary professor. In 1911 he left Japan and retired to Geneva. He conducted research in many fields, including literature, history, and mythology, with a focus on the Japanese language, and nurtured many scholars. In particular, his Essay in Aid of a Grammar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language (1895) is known as the first work to prove that "Japanese" and "Ryukyuan" are of the same origin, although it makes a major mistake by proposing the three-vowel theory of the proto-language. His other works include grammar books such as A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese (88) and an English translation of the Kojiki (83). Chamberlain
Chamberlain, (Arthur) Neville Born 18 March 1869 at Edgbaston, Birmingham
[Died] November 9, 1940. Heckfield, Hampshire. British politician. Second son of Joseph Chamberlain. Studied at Mason College (later Birmingham University), he became a successful ironmonger in Birmingham. Member of the City Council in 1911, Mayor in 1915. In 1918, at the age of 50, he joined the House of Commons as a Conservative Party member, and from 1923 he served alternately as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Secretary of State for Health in the cabinets of S. Baldwin and J. MacDonald. In 1937 he became Prime Minister, and in 1938 he signed the Munich Agreement and implemented a policy of appeasement towards A. Hitler. In 1939 he declared war on Germany when Germany invaded Poland. In 1940 he resigned after the failure of the Norwegian Expedition. He became President of the Privy Council, but soon resigned due to ill health. Chamberlain
Chamberlain, John Born April 16, 1927 in Rochester, Indiana
[Died] December 21, 2011. New York, New York. American sculptor. Full name John Angus Chamberlain. Studied at the Art Institute of Chicago from 1951 to 1952, and at Black Mountain College in North Carolina from 1955 to 1956. Created assemblage sculptures using bent and crushed automobile parts and other metal scraps. Many of his works were painted with vibrant industrial paints. Later, he began to use foam rubber in addition to metal, creating fantastical works. Major work: Essex (1960). Chamberlain
Chamberlain, Owen Born July 10, 1920 in San Francisco, California
[Died] February 28, 2006. Berkeley, California. American physicist. Graduated from Dartmouth College in 1941. From 1942, he participated in the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb for four years. After receiving his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1948, he worked at the University of California, where he became a professor in 1958 and a professor emeritus in 1989. In 1955, together with Emilio G. Segre and others, he discovered the antiproton (antinucleon) using the Bevatron accelerator, and the following year in 1956, he confirmed the existence of the antineutron. He continued his research in high-energy physics, and in 1959, together with Segre, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Chamberlain
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart Born: September 9, 1855, Southsea
German political philosopher. Born in England, he lived in Dresden, Vienna, and Bayreuth, and became a German citizen in 1916. He advocated the superiority of the Aryan or Germanic race, and emphasized the inferiority of other races. His theories were used to justify the Nazi worldview, imperialist exploitation, and racial oppression. His main works are Die Grundlagen des 19 Jahrhunderts (Foundations of the 19th Century) (2 volumes, 1899-1901) and Arische Weltanschauung (Aryan Worldview) (05). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
![Karasuyama [town] - Karasuyama](/upload/images/67cb41d711de1.webp)
