Orlov, Aleksei Fedorovich

Japanese: オルロフ（英語表記）Orlov， Aleksei Fëdorovich

Born: October 19, 1786, Moscow
Died: May 21, 1861. Russian soldier, politician, and diplomat. Nephew of GG Orlov. Participated in the war against Napoleon (1805-07), the Patriotic War (1812), and the war against Turkey (1828-29). In 1825, he was made a count for his contribution to suppressing the Decembrist revolt. After the outbreak of the July Revolution in France in 1830, he was dispatched to Vienna and worked with various governments to take measures against the counter-revolution. In the following year, he played a central role in the police administration of the government of Nicholas I, suppressing the "cholera riots" in St. Petersburg and the revolt in the Novgorod military settlement. From 1844 to 1856, he was chief of the gendarmerie and head of the "3rd Section (political police)". As a diplomat, he served as plenipotentiary on the Russian side in the Peace of Adrianople (1829), the Treaty of Unkyarskélessi (1833), and the Peace of Paris (1856). In 1556 he became a duke, and in the same year he became president of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers. He opposed the emancipation of the serfs, but was unable to prevent it.

Orlov
Orlov, Grigorii Grigor'evich

Born October 17, 1734 in Tver
Died April 24, 1783. A Russian nobleman and soldier from the Moscow region. Known as the favorite and lover of Catherine II (the Great). Served in the Seven Years' War. As a central figure in the opposition to Peter III, in June 1762 he led the Royal Guards regiment together with his brother AG Orlov in a coup that brought Catherine II to the throne. For this achievement he was awarded the title of count, and as a close aide to the empress he helped with the reforms that were undertaken during the early part of her reign. Later he lost his influence when his favorite was stolen away by GA Potemkin. His name is remembered in the 193-carat "Orlov Diamond" that was presented to the empress.

Orlov
Orlov, Aleksei Grigor'evich

Born: October 5, 1737 in Tver
Died January 5, 1808. Moscow Russian military officer and politician. Brother of Grigory G. Orlov. In 1762, he assisted his brother in the coup d'état that took place when Catherine II ascended to the throne, and assassinated Peter III at the Ropsha Palace. In 1770, during the Russo-Turkish War, he led the Baltic Fleet and defeated the Turkish fleet at Chesme in the Aegean Sea, recording the most brilliant victory in the history of the Russian Navy. For this achievement, he was awarded the title of Prince of Chesmensky. He retired in 1775. Despite his advanced age, he participated in the Napoleonic Wars (1806-07) by using his own money to organize a civil army in order to save his country from crisis.

Orlov
Orlov, Nikolai Alekseevich

Born: May 9, 1827.
Died March 29, 1885. Fontainebleau. Russian diplomat and military officer. He served as ambassador to Belgium (1859-69), Great Britain (1870), France (1871-82), and Germany (1882-85). He is also known for his efforts in abolishing corporal punishment in Russia.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1786.10.19. モスクワ
[没]1861.5.21. ペテルブルグ
ロシアの軍人，政治家，外交官。 G.G.オルロフの甥。 1805～07年の対ナポレオン戦争，12年の祖国戦争，28～29年の対トルコ戦争などに参加。 25年デカブリストの乱鎮圧の功により伯爵となる。 30年フランス七月革命勃発後，ウィーンへ派遣され，各国政府と協力して反革命対策を講じた。翌年にはペテルブルグの「コレラ暴動」，ノブゴロド軍事居住地区の反乱を鎮圧するなどニコライ1世政府の警察行政の中心に立ち，44～56年には憲兵隊長，さらに「第3課 (政治警察) 」の長官となった。外交官としては，アドリアノープル和約 (1829) ，ウンキャルスケレッシ条約 (33) ，パリ講和 (56) 締結に際しロシア側全権をつとめた。 56年公爵となり，同年より国家評議会および大臣会議議長となった。農奴解放に反対したが，それを阻止することはできなかった。

オルロフ
Orlov， Grigorii Grigor'evich

[生]1734.10.17. トベーリ
[没]1783.4.24. モスクワ近郊
ロシアの貴族，軍人。エカテリーナ2世 (大帝)の寵臣，情夫として知られる。七年戦争に従軍。ピョートル3世反対派の中心人物として，1762年6月，弟 A.G.オルロフとともに近衛連隊を指揮してクーデターを行い，エカテリーナ2世を即位させた。その功によって伯爵を授けられると同時に，女帝の側近にあって治世初期の改革事業を助けた。後年寵愛を G.A.ポチョムキンに奪われて勢力を失った。女帝に献じた 193カラットの「オルロフ・ダイヤモンド」にその名をとどめている。

オルロフ
Orlov, Aleksei Grigor'evich

[生]1737.10.5. トベーリ
[没]1808.1.5. モスクワ
ロシアの軍人，政治家。グリゴリー・G.オルロフの弟。1762年エカテリーナ2世即位の際のクーデターに兄を助けて参加，ピョートル3世をロプシャ離宮で殺害。1770年露土戦争の際バルト海艦隊を率いて出撃，エーゲ海のチェスメでトルコ艦隊を撃破，ロシア海軍史上最も輝かしい勝利を記録した。その功によってチェスメンスキー公を授けられた。1775年退官。ナポレオン戦争（1806～07）のときは，老齢にもかかわらず，祖国の危機を救うため私財を投じて民軍を編成し，参加した。