...In the 15th century, the Indian Ocean, especially its eastern part, was dominated by Muslim merchants and some Hindu merchants, both foreign and indigenous. The Indian cotton cloth they transported (production of which increased with the introduction of the spinning wheel in the mid-13th century) was the most important commodity in the entire Indian Ocean, used to purchase black slaves and ivory in East Africa, but was also indispensable for obtaining spices such as cloves and nutmeg from Southeast Asia, and they had a great influence in the newly emerging Malacca Sultanate. In the early 15th century, the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt, suffering from an economic crisis, introduced a national monopoly on spices, which ultimately led to the Portuguese entering the Indian Ocean at the end of the 15th century by a route around the southern tip of Africa. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "Indian cotton cloth" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…15世紀のインド洋,特にその東部で活躍したのは,外来,土着を問わず,インドを本拠とするイスラム商人や一部ヒンドゥー商人であった。彼らの運送したインド綿布(13世紀中ごろと推定される糸車の導入で生産が増加した)は,東アフリカで黒人奴隷や象牙の購入に用いられるなど,インド洋全域への最も重要な商品であったが,特に東南アジア産の丁子(クローブ),ニクズク(ナツメグ)などの香料入手に不可欠で,彼らは新興のマラッカ王国で大きな影響力をもった。 15世紀初めに経済危機に悩むエジプトのマムルーク朝が香料の国家専売制を導入したことが,結果的に15世紀末のポルトガル人のアフリカ南端迂回ルートによるインド洋への進出を招いた。… ※「インド綿布」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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