Adiabatic diagram - Dannetsuzu (English spelling)

Japanese: 断熱図 - だんねつず(英語表記)adiabatic diagram
Adiabatic diagram - Dannetsuzu (English spelling)

A diagram used to show the thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere and to investigate thermodynamic processes. It is also called a thermodynamic diagram. The thermodynamic state of the atmosphere is expressed by state quantities such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, and water vapor content (mixing ratio), and their changes are shown adiabatically. Basically, therefore, an adiabatic diagram is composed of isobars, isotherms, iso-saturated mixing ratio lines, dry adiabatic lines, and wet adiabatic lines. Thermodynamically speaking, an adiabatic diagram is a modification of a pressure-specific volume diagram, using temperature instead of specific volume. The area on an adiabatic diagram enclosed by two pairs of isobars and isotherms is the same as the corresponding area on a pressure-specific volume diagram, i.e., the amount of work, so it is also called an energy diagram. In addition, a basic condition for an adiabatic diagram is that the intersection angle between the isotherms and dry adiabatic lines is generally large. Various adiabatic diagrams have been devised for different purposes, but they are interchangeable except for their appearance. Representative adiabatic diagrams include the emagram, tephigram, and skew T-log p diagram. The emagram uses temperature on the horizontal axis and logarithm of pressure on the vertical axis, while the tephigram uses temperature on the horizontal axis and logarithm of potential temperature on the vertical axis. The area of ​​a closed curve on an emagram represents the amount of work done by the adiabatic process that the curve represents. The skew T-log p diagram uses logarithm of pressure on the vertical axis, and the isotherms intersect the isobars at an angle of about 45 degrees.

[Hiroshi Matano]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大気の熱力学的特性を示したり、熱力学的過程を調べるために用いる図。熱力学的ダイアグラムともいう。大気の熱力学的状態は気圧、気温、水蒸気量(混合比)などの状態量によって表され、その変化は断熱的に示される。したがって基本的には、断熱図は等圧線、等温線、等飽和混合比線、乾燥断熱線、湿潤断熱線から構成されている。熱力学的にいえば断熱図は圧力‐比容図の変形で、比容のかわりに温度を用いている。二組の等圧線と等温線によって囲まれる断熱図上の面積は、圧力‐比容図上の対応する面積、すなわち仕事量と同じ面積をもつので、エネルギー・ダイアグラムenergy diagramともよばれる。また、一般に等温線と乾燥断熱線の交角が大きいことが断熱図の望ましい基本条件となっている。断熱図には目的に応じて各種のものが考案されているが、外見が異なっているだけで、互換性がある。断熱図の代表的なものとして、エマグラムemagram、テヒグラムtephigram、スキューT・ログpダイアグラムskew T-log p diagramとよばれるものがある。エマグラムは横軸に気温、縦軸に気圧の対数を用いたもの、テヒグラムは横軸に気温、縦軸に温位の対数を用いたものである。エマグラム上の閉曲線の面積はその曲線が示す断熱過程の仕事量を表している。スキューT・ログpダイアグラムは縦軸に気圧の対数を用い、等温線を等圧線に約45度の角度で斜交させたものである。

[股野宏志]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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