Carter, Elliott

Japanese: カーター(英語表記)Carter, Elliott
Carter, Elliott
Born: December 11, 1908, New York, New York
[Died] November 5, 2012. New York, New York. American composer. Full name Elliot Cook Carter, Jr.. He revolutionized music with his innovative polyrhythmic principle called metric modulation. He became interested in music after meeting composer Charles E. Ives. He studied at Harvard University from 1926 to 1932, went to Paris to study under Nadia Boulanger, and began composing in earnest in 1933. His early representative works include Symphony No. 1 (1942). He used complex counterpoint in the Piano Sonata (1945-46), which marked a turning point in his musical composition, and established metric modulation in the Cello Sonata (1948). This intricately interwoven counterpoint was perfected in String Quartet No. 1 (1951), and became Carter's signature style. His Variations for Orchestra (1954-55) led him to explore pitch and dynamics. Other works he produced include the Oboe Concerto (1987) and the Cello Concerto (2001). He continued to compose music even after he turned 100. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1960 and 1973, and in 1985 he became the first composer to receive the National Medal of Arts.

Carter
Carter, Benny

Born: August 8, 1907, New York, New York
[Died] July 12, 2003. Los Angeles, California. American jazz musician and composer. His real name was Bennett Lester Carter. Known as a jazz master, he was a pioneer who established the big band style as an arranger during the swing era. He was also an alto saxophonist with clear tone, elegant melodies, and elegant performance. In addition to composing and arranging, he played solo in top bands, and led his own big band from 1932 to 1934. He joined a European band from 1935 to 1938, and returned to Japan during the heyday of swing and formed a big band. In 1943, he composed his first film, Stormy Weather. He later composed film and television music, and occasionally performed solo. He also wrote songs for Count Basie's Orchestra, Peggy Lee, Ella Fitzgerald, and others. He was one of the first African-American composers to be active in Hollywood. In 2000, he received the National Medal of Arts. (→Big Band Jazz)

Carter
Carter, James Earl, Jr.

Born October 1, 1924. Georgia, Plains American politician. 39th President (in office 1977-81). Studied at Georgia Southwestern College and Georgia Institute of Technology, and graduated from the Naval Academy in 1946. After serving in the Navy from 1946 to 1953, he took over his family's peanut farm, but entered politics as a Georgia State Senator in 1962, and was elected Governor of Georgia in 1970. However, he resigned as Governor after one term, and as a result of a steady election campaign that included canvassing each state, he was nominated as the Democratic presidential candidate in 1976, and was elected by defeating Republican G. Ford. He put forward active policies in areas such as energy measures and "human rights diplomacy." He ran for reelection in the 1980 presidential election, but lost support due to his mismanagement of the hostage crisis involving U.S. embassy staff in Tehran, and was defeated by Republican candidate R. Reagan. In 1982, he founded the non-governmental organization "The Carter Center" and began working internationally to promote peace, freedom, and human rights. In 2002, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in the peaceful resolution of international conflicts and his contributions to the development of democracy and human rights.

Carter
Carter, Howard

Born: May 9, 1873, Norfolk
[Died] March 2, 1939, London. British Egyptian archaeologist. He first came to Egypt as a cartographer, and after participating in several excavations, he became Chief Inspector of the Egyptian Antiquities Department in 1899. In 1908, he was recognized by Lord Carnarvon, who planned the excavation of the royal tombs of Thebes. He investigated the area west of Thebes from 1908 to 1912, and the Valley of the Royal Tombs from 1919 to 1921. On November 4, 1922, he discovered an unknown stone wall below the tomb of Ramses VI, and on November 22, he finally uncovered the perfectly preserved rock-cut tomb of Tutankhamun, discovering many treasures and causing a sensation in the field.

Carter
Carter, Leslie

Born: June 10, 1862.
[Died] November 13, 1937.
Caroline Louise Dudley was an American actress who rose to stardom in Heart of Maryland (1895) directed by D. Belasco, and continued to appear in his productions for many years. She also received favorable reviews for her role in A.W. Pinero's Madame Tanqueray II.

Carter
Carter, Elizabeth

Born: 6 December 1717, Deal, Kent
[Died] February 19, 1806, London. A British literary enthusiast and member of the so-called "Bluestockings," he was a friend of novelists S. Richardson and S. Johnson.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1908.12.11. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
[没]2012.11.5. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の作曲家。フルネーム Elliot Cook Carter, Jr.。メトリック・モジュレーションと呼ばれる斬新なポリリズム(複リズム)の原理で音楽に変革をもたらした。作曲家チャールズ・E.アイブズとの出会いを契機に音楽に興味をもつ。1926~32年ハーバード大学で学び,パリに渡ってナディア・ブーランジェに師事,1933年から本格的に作曲を始めた。初期の代表曲は『交響曲第1番』(1942)など。音楽作法の転換点となった『ピアノ・ソナタ』(1945~46)で複雑な対位法を用い,『チェロ・ソナタ』(1948)でメトリック・モジュレーションを確立した。この緻密に織り合わされた対位法は『弦楽四重奏第1番』(1951)で完成し,カーターを代表するスタイルとなった。『オーケストラのための変奏曲』(1954~55)は音程と強弱法への取り組みにつながっていった。ほかに,『オーボエ協奏曲』(1987),『チェロ協奏曲』(2001)など。100歳を過ぎても創作活動を続けた。1960年と 1973年にピュリッツァー賞を受賞,1985年に作曲家として初めてナショナル・メダル・オブ・アーツを授与された。

カーター
Carter, Benny

[生]1907.8.8. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
[没]2003.7.12. カリフォルニア,ロサンゼルス
アメリカ合衆国のジャズ・ミュージシャン,作曲家。本名 Bennett Lester Carter。ジャズの巨匠として知られ,スイング時代に編曲者としてビッグ・バンドのスタイルを確立した先駆者。澄んだ音色と優雅な旋律と流麗な演奏が特徴のアルト・サクソフォーン奏者でもあった。作曲・編曲を行なうかたわら一流バンドでソリストを務め,1932~34年にはみずからのビッグ・バンドを率いた。1935~38年にヨーロッパのバンドに参加し,スイングの全盛期に帰国してビッグ・バンドを結成。1943年に初めて映画『ストーミー・ウェザー』の音楽を作曲した。その後,映画音楽,テレビ音楽の作曲を手がけ,たまにソロ演奏を行なうなどした。カウント・ベーシー楽団,ペギー・リー,エラ・フィッツジェラルドらにも曲を提供した。ハリウッドで活躍した初のアフリカ系アメリカ人作曲家の一人。2000年ナショナル・メダル・オブ・アーツを受けた。(→ビッグ・バンド・ジャズ)

カーター
Carter, James Earl, Jr.

[生]1924.10.1. ジョージア,プレーンズ
アメリカの政治家。第 39代大統領(在任 1977~81) 。ジョージアサウスウエスタン大学,ジョージア工科大学で学び,1946年海軍兵学校卒業。 46~53年海軍勤務ののち家業のピーナッツ農場を継いだが,62年ジョージア州議会上院議員として政界に入り,70年同州知事選挙に当選。しかし1期で知事を辞任,各州を遊説するなどの地道な選挙運動の結果,76年に民主党の大統領候補の指名を獲得,共和党の G.フォードを破って当選する。エネルギー対策や「人権外交」などの面で積極的な政策を打出した。 80年大統領選挙で再選をねらったが,在テヘラン・アメリカ大使館員等人質事件の不手際などで支持を失い,共和党の R.レーガン候補に大敗した。 82年に非政府組織「カーターセンター」を設立し,平和,自由,人権を掲げて国際的に活動を展開。 2002年国際紛争の平和的解決に尽力し民主主義と人権の発展に貢献したとの理由で,ノーベル平和賞を受賞した。

カーター
Carter, Howard

[生]1873.5.9. ノーフォーク
[没]1939.3.2. ロンドン
イギリスのエジプト考古学者。初め製図者としてエジプトに入り,いくつもの発掘に参加したのち,1899年エジプト古物局首席鑑査官となり,1908年テーベの王陵発掘を企画したカーナーボン卿に認められて,08~12年テーベ西方地帯を調査,19~21年王陵の谷を調査。 22年 11月4日ラムセス6世の墓の下方に未知の石壁を発見,11月 22日ついにトゥトアンクアメンの完璧に保存された岩窟墓を掘りあて,多くの財宝を発見して,斯界にセンセーショナルな話題を提供した。

カーター
Carter, Leslie

[生]1862.6.10.
[没]1937.11.13.
アメリカの女優。本名 Caroline Louise Dudley。 D.ベラスコ演出の『メリーランドの心』 (1895) でスターとなり,長年彼の作品に出演。 A.W.ピネロの『第二のタンカレー夫人』でも好評を博した。

カーター
Carter, Elizabeth

[生]1717.12.6. ケント,ディール
[没]1806.2.19. ロンドン
イギリスの文芸愛好家でいわゆる「ブルーストッキング」の一員。小説家 S.リチャードソンや S.ジョンソンの友人であった。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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