A French painter and one of the leading figures of Surrealism. Born in Paris on January 5th, he spent his childhood in Brittany and sailed around the country as a sailor in his teens. After completing his military service, he went to Paris in 1924, where he was inspired by the metaphysical paintings of De Chirico that he happened to see in a gallery, and decided to study painting on his own. He deepened his ties with Surrealist artists, and in 1927 he held his first solo exhibition in Paris, becoming a leading member of the movement. He developed a fantastical style in which strange objects are thrown into an infinite, vast space reminiscent of a desert or the bottom of the sea, casting deep shadows on the surface of the earth. These objects, which have an organic form resembling weathered bones or fossil shells, do not correspond to reality and continue to multiply in the desolate, inner mental landscape. He emigrated to the United States in 1939, gained citizenship in 1942, and influenced local avant-garde artists, but died in Woodbury, Connecticut on January 15, 1955, leaving behind his final masterpiece, "The Multiplication of Solitudes." [Koichiro Ishizaki] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス出身の画家でシュルレアリスムを代表する一人。1月5日パリに生まれ、幼年期をブルターニュ地方で過ごし、10代で船員として各地を航海した。その後、兵役を終えて1924年にパリに出るが、画廊で偶然目にしたデ・キリコの形而上(けいじじょう)絵画に衝撃を受け、独学で絵画の道を志した。シュルレアリスムの芸術家との交流を深め、27年に最初の個展をパリで開いて、この運動の一翼を担う有力メンバーとなった。砂漠か海底を連想させる茫洋(ぼうよう)たる無限空間に、奇異な物体が投げ出されて地表に濃い影を投げる幻想的作風を展開した。風化した骨か貝殻の化石に似て有機的な形態をもつこの物体は、現実との対応をもたず、荒涼とした内面の心象風景のなかで増殖を続ける。39年アメリカに移住、42年には市民権を得てこの地の前衛芸術家に影響を与えたが、55年1月15日、最後の大作『孤の増殖』を残してコネティカット州ウッドベリーで没した。 [石崎浩一郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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