One of the stipends in the Ritsuryo system. It was set out in the Roku-Ryo (Ritsuryo Code). It was to be paid to princes, nobles, temples, etc. Specific households were designated from among the public households as fuko (vessels of wealth), and half of the rent, all of the labor and tribute, and servants were paid from them. Princes and nobles were given ranks of shihon or jusanimi or higher, and shikifu (official titles) were given to the grand ministers of state and the left and right ministers, and temples were given fuko for a period of five years. There were also koufu (merit titles) that were paid separately to specially meritorious retainers or by order of the emperor. These shokufu systems were modeled after the Chinese shokufu system and played a major role as the economic foundation of aristocrats and the imperial family, but gradually declined after the mid-Heian period and were dissolved into the manor system. [Kiyoaki Kito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
律令制(りつりょうせい)における俸禄(ほうろく)の一つ。令の禄令に定められている。親王、貴族、寺院などに支給されることになっていた。特定の戸(こ)を公戸のうちから設定して封戸(ふこ)とし、そこからの租の半分、庸・調の全部、および仕丁(しちょう)を支給したものである。親王・貴族に与えられるものとしては、四品(しほん)ないし従三位(じゅさんみ)以上の位階にある者に位封(いふ)、太政大臣(だいじょうだいじん)・左右大臣に職封(しきふ)が与えられ、寺院には5年を限って封戸が支給された。また特別の功臣や天皇の命令によって別に支給される功封(こうふ)もあった。これらの食封は、中国の食封の制に倣ったもので、貴族・皇族の経済的基盤として大きな意味をもっていたが、平安中期以後しだいに衰退し、荘園(しょうえん)制度のなかに解消していった。 [鬼頭清明] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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