Winner - Winner

A concept under the Public Offices Election Law, referring to those who become various assembly members or heads of local government bodies according to the results of the election. In proportional representation elections for the House of Councillors, the number of winners for each party is calculated using the D'Hondt method, and the winners are decided in the order of a pre-prepared "list." In other elections, the winner is the person who receives the most valid votes and has reached the legal number of votes (Public Offices Election Law, Article 95, Paragraph 1 and Article 95, Paragraph 2). In the case of two candidates with the same number of votes, the election chief decides the winner by drawing lots (Public Offices Election Law, Article 95, Paragraph 2 and Article 95, Paragraph 2). If there are not enough candidates to vote, that candidate is decided as the winner at the election meeting (uncontested election = Article 100, Paragraphs 1 and 3). If the winner dies or does not resign from a position that prohibits concurrent employment, the candidate is allowed to be elected in advance (Public Offices Election Law, Article 97 and Article 97, Paragraph 2). The election takes effect on the day the winner is announced, and the candidate gains the qualifications to be an assembly member or head. In addition, if there is no winner or the number of winners does not reach the required number of seats, the election chief will report to the election management committee and then hold a re-election (Articles 109 and 110 of the same law).

[Takao Sasaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

公職選挙法上の概念で、選挙の結果に従い各種の議員あるいは地方公共団体の長となる者をいう。比例代表選出の参議院議員選挙については、ドント式計算法によって各政党の当選人数を求め、あらかじめ用意された「名簿」の順に当選人を決めるが、それ以外の選挙においては、有効投票の最多数を得た者で、法定得票数に達している者を当選人とする（公職選挙法95条1項・95条の2）。得票数が同じ者については、選挙長がくじで当選人を定める（同法95条2項・95条の2第2項）。候補者が定数を超えないため投票を行わないときは、選挙会においてその候補者が当選人に定められる（無投票当選＝同法100条1、3項）。当選人が死亡していたり兼職禁止の職を辞さないときには繰上げ当選が認められる（同法97条・97条の2）。当選の効力は、当選人の告示日に発生し、議員または長の資格を得る。なお、当選人がいないとき、または当選人が議員定数に達しないときは、選挙長が選挙管理委員会に報告したうえで再選挙を行う（同法109条・110条）。

［佐々木髙雄］

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